How much carbon dioxide there is per kilowatt-hour of electricity generated.
The ranking uses the latest available value for each country — the year is shown in the row. The table spans 2009 to 2025.
Top-20 · grams CO₂ per kWh
The scale does not start at zero — the values lie in a narrow range, and starting from zero the bars would be indistinguishable. The axis ticks are labeled.
| # | Year | Subregion | World rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Turkmenistan
|
1,306 | 2024 | 213 | |
| 2 |
Falkland Islands
|
1,000 | 2023 | 209 | |
| 3 |
Montserrat
|
1,000 | 2024 | 209 | |
| 4 |
Saint Helena
|
1,000 | 2023 | 209 | |
| 5 |
Uzbekistan
|
1,000 | 2025 | 209 | |
| 6 |
Kosovo
|
903 | 2025 | 208 | |
| 7 |
Bahrain
|
902 | 2024 | 207 | |
| 8 |
Brunei Darussalam
|
892 | 2024 | 206 | |
| 9 |
Botswana
|
851 | 2024 | 205 | |
| 10 |
Libya
|
827 | 2024 | 204 | |
| 11 |
Mongolia
|
824 | 2025 | 203 | |
| 12 |
Kazakhstan
|
805 | 2025 | 202 | |
| 13 |
Republic of the Congo
|
716 | 2024 | 201 | |
| 14 |
Syria
|
706 | 2024 | 200 | |
| 15 |
South Africa
|
699 | 2025 | 199 | |
| 16 |
Bangladesh
|
696 | 2025 | 198 | |
| 17 |
Serbia
|
696 | 2025 | 197 | |
| 18 |
Saudi Arabia
|
692 | 2024 | 196 | |
| 19 |
Iraq
|
683 | 2024 | 195 | |
| 20 |
Trinidad and Tobago
|
682 | 2024 | 194 | |
| 21 |
Indonesia
|
681 | 2024 | 193 | |
| 22 |
Hong Kong
|
675 | 2024 | 192 | |
| 23 |
Niger
|
674 | 2024 | 191 | |
| 24 |
India
|
671 | 2025 | 190 | |
| 25 |
Gambia
|
667 | 2024 | 186 | |
| 26 |
Grenada
|
667 | 2024 | 186 | |
| 27 |
Timor-Leste
|
667 | 2024 | 186 | |
| 28 |
Western Sahara
|
667 | 2009 | 186 | |
| 29 |
Iran
|
660 | 2025 | 185 | |
| 30 |
Puerto Rico
|
655 | 2025 | 184 | |
| 31 |
Bahamas
|
653 | 2024 | 183 | |
| 32 |
Saint Lucia
|
650 | 2024 | 182 | |
| 33 |
Azerbaijan
|
647 | 2025 | 181 | |
| 34 |
British Virgin Islands
|
647 | 2023 | 180 | |
| 35 |
Guyana
|
645 | 2024 | 179 | |
| 36 |
Equatorial Guinea
|
644 | 2024 | 178 | |
| 37 |
Comoros
|
643 | 2023 | 176 | |
| 38 |
South Sudan
|
643 | 2024 | 176 | |
| 39 |
Cuba
|
643 | 2024 | 175 | |
| 40 |
Mauritius
|
642 | 2024 | 174 | |
| 41 |
Bermuda
|
639 | 2024 | 173 | |
| 42 |
Solomon Islands
|
636 | 2024 | 172 | |
| 43 |
Kuwait
|
635 | 2025 | 171 | |
| 44 |
Taiwan
|
634 | 2025 | 170 | |
| 45 |
Cayman Islands
|
634 | 2024 | 169 | |
| 46 |
Algeria
|
633 | 2024 | 168 | |
| 47 |
United States Virgin Islands
|
632 | 2023 | 167 | |
| 48 |
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
630 | 2024 | 166 | |
| 49 |
Guinea-Bissau
|
625 | 2024 | 165 | |
| 50 |
Chad
|
622 | 2024 | 164 | |
| 51 |
Maldives
|
612 | 2024 | 163 | |
| 52 |
American Samoa
|
611 | 2024 | 162 | |
| 53 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
609 | 2024 | 161 | |
| 54 |
Guam
|
608 | 2024 | 160 | |
| 55 |
Malaysia
|
603 | 2025 | 159 | |
| 56 |
Morocco
|
602 | 2025 | 158 | |
| 57 |
Dominica
|
600 | 2023 | 154 | |
| 58 |
Nauru
|
600 | 2024 | 154 | |
| 59 |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
|
600 | 2023 | 154 | |
| 60 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
600 | 2024 | 154 | |
| 61 |
Philippines
|
595 | 2025 | 153 | |
| 62 |
Antigua and Barbuda
|
595 | 2024 | 151 | |
| 63 |
Barbados
|
595 | 2024 | 151 | |
| 64 |
Yemen
|
592 | 2024 | 150 | |
| 65 |
Gibraltar
|
591 | 2024 | 149 | |
| 66 |
Poland
|
591 | 2025 | 148 | |
| 67 |
Benin
|
584 | 2024 | 147 | |
| 68 |
Qatar
|
582 | 2025 | 146 | |
| 69 |
Eritrea
|
578 | 2024 | 145 | |
| 70 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
573 | 2025 | 144 | |
| 71 |
Tonga
|
571 | 2024 | 143 | |
| 72 |
Egypt
|
563 | 2025 | 142 | |
| 73 |
Jamaica
|
563 | 2024 | 141 | |
| 74 |
Burkina Faso
|
562 | 2024 | 140 | |
| 75 |
New Caledonia
|
561 | 2024 | 139 | |
| 76 |
Tunisia
|
560 | 2025 | 138 | |
| 77 |
Sao Tome and Principe
|
556 | 2023 | 136 | |
| 78 |
Seychelles
|
556 | 2024 | 136 | |
| 79 |
Aruba
|
550 | 2024 | 135 | |
| 80 |
Thailand
|
546 | 2025 | 134 | |
| 81 |
Oman
|
544 | 2025 | 133 | |
| 82 |
Senegal
|
540 | 2024 | 132 | |
| 83 |
Mali
|
539 | 2024 | 131 | |
| 84 |
Dominican Republic
|
537 | 2025 | 130 | |
| 85 |
Haiti
|
535 | 2024 | 129 | |
| 86 |
Martinique
|
530 | 2023 | 128 | |
| 87 |
Jordan
|
530 | 2024 | 127 | |
| 88 |
China
|
526 | 2025 | 126 | |
| 89 |
Australia
|
525 | 2025 | 125 | |
| 90 |
Gabon
|
523 | 2024 | 124 | |
| 91 |
Papua New Guinea
|
514 | 2024 | 123 | |
| 92 |
Mauritania
|
512 | 2024 | 122 | |
| 93 |
Somalia
|
512 | 2024 | 121 | |
| 94 |
Moldova
|
510 | 2025 | 120 | |
| 95 |
Myanmar
|
503 | 2024 | 119 | |
| 96 |
Kiribati
|
500 | 2024 | 117 | |
| 97 |
Vanuatu
|
500 | 2023 | 117 | |
| 98 |
Cambodia
|
499 | 2025 | 116 | |
| 99 |
Singapore
|
497 | 2025 | 115 | |
| 100 |
Guadeloupe
|
497 | 2023 | 114 | |
| 101 |
Israel
|
493 | 2025 | 113 | |
| 102 |
Cyprus
|
489 | 2025 | 112 | |
| 103 |
Malta
|
484 | 2025 | 111 | |
| 104 |
Bolivia
|
481 | 2025 | 110 | |
| 105 |
Japan
|
477 | 2025 | 109 | |
| 106 |
Türkiye
|
476 | 2025 | 108 | |
| 107 |
Macao
|
474 | 2024 | 107 | |
| 108 |
Mexico
|
474 | 2025 | 106 | |
| 109 |
Ghana
|
469 | 2024 | 105 | |
| 110 |
United Arab Emirates
|
468 | 2024 | 104 | |
| 111 |
Vietnam
|
463 | 2025 | 103 | |
| 112 |
Cabo Verde
|
462 | 2024 | 102 | |
| 113 |
Nigeria
|
456 | 2025 | 101 | |
| 114 |
Djibouti
|
450 | 2024 | 100 | |
| 115 |
Russia
|
450 | 2025 | 99 | |
| 116 |
Madagascar
|
432 | 2024 | 98 | |
| 117 |
French Polynesia
|
431 | 2024 | 97 | |
| 118 |
Togo
|
423 | 2024 | 96 | |
| 119 |
South Korea
|
417 | 2025 | 95 | |
| 120 |
Palestine
|
414 | 2024 | 94 | |
| 121 |
North Macedonia
|
406 | 2025 | 93 | |
| 122 |
Côte d'Ivoire
|
405 | 2024 | 92 | |
| 123 |
Czechia
|
401 | 2025 | 91 | |
| 124 |
Réunion
|
394 | 2023 | 90 | |
| 125 |
Lebanon
|
390 | 2024 | 89 | |
| 126 |
United States
|
384 | 2025 | 88 | |
| 127 |
Zimbabwe
|
384 | 2024 | 87 | |
| 128 |
Samoa
|
375 | 2024 | 86 | |
| 129 |
Rwanda
|
354 | 2024 | 85 | |
| 130 |
Faroe Islands
|
347 | 2023 | 84 | |
| 131 |
Tanzania
|
345 | 2024 | 83 | |
| 132 |
Argentina
|
343 | 2025 | 82 | |
| 133 |
North Korea
|
341 | 2024 | 81 | |
| 134 |
Germany
|
330 | 2025 | 80 | |
| 135 |
Greece
|
324 | 2025 | 79 | |
| 136 |
Honduras
|
322 | 2024 | 78 | |
| 137 |
Suriname
|
322 | 2024 | 77 | |
| 138 |
Sri Lanka
|
321 | 2025 | 76 | |
| 139 |
Estonia
|
317 | 2025 | 75 | |
| 140 |
Liberia
|
316 | 2024 | 74 | |
| 141 |
Belarus
|
313 | 2025 | 73 | |
| 142 |
Pakistan
|
310 | 2025 | 72 | |
| 143 |
Guatemala
|
301 | 2024 | 71 | |
| 144 |
Nicaragua
|
301 | 2024 | 70 | |
| 145 |
Chile
|
291 | 2025 | 69 | |
| 146 |
Italy
|
285 | 2025 | 68 | |
| 147 |
Fiji
|
278 | 2024 | 67 | |
| 148 |
Bulgaria
|
275 | 2025 | 66 | |
| 149 |
Montenegro
|
264 | 2025 | 65 | |
| 150 |
Romania
|
260 | 2025 | 64 | |
| 151 |
Ireland
|
256 | 2025 | 63 | |
| 152 |
Netherlands
|
254 | 2025 | 62 | |
| 153 |
Ukraine
|
250 | 2022 | 61 | |
| 154 |
Cook Islands
|
250 | 2024 | 60 | |
| 155 |
French Guiana
|
245 | 2023 | 59 | |
| 156 |
Peru
|
238 | 2025 | 58 | |
| 157 |
Armenia
|
236 | 2025 | 57 | |
| 158 |
Laos
|
232 | 2024 | 56 | |
| 159 |
Cameroon
|
226 | 2024 | 55 | |
| 160 |
Panama
|
221 | 2024 | 54 | |
| 161 |
United Kingdom
|
217 | 2025 | 53 | |
| 162 |
Canada
|
191 | 2025 | 52 | |
| 163 |
Colombia
|
187 | 2025 | 51 | |
| 164 |
Angola
|
185 | 2024 | 50 | |
| 165 |
Burundi
|
184 | 2024 | 49 | |
| 166 |
Slovenia
|
183 | 2025 | 48 | |
| 167 |
Guinea
|
181 | 2024 | 47 | |
| 168 |
Belize
|
170 | 2024 | 46 | |
| 169 |
Hungary
|
163 | 2025 | 45 | |
| 170 |
Ecuador
|
159 | 2025 | 44 | |
| 171 |
Croatia
|
159 | 2025 | 43 | |
| 172 |
Sudan
|
154 | 2024 | 42 | |
| 173 |
Spain
|
154 | 2025 | 41 | |
| 174 |
Kyrgyzstan
|
150 | 2025 | 40 | |
| 175 |
Greenland
|
150 | 2024 | 39 | |
| 176 |
Georgia
|
146 | 2025 | 38 | |
| 177 |
Lithuania
|
139 | 2025 | 37 | |
| 178 |
El Salvador
|
138 | 2025 | 36 | |
| 179 |
Latvia
|
134 | 2025 | 35 | |
| 180 |
Afghanistan
|
131 | 2024 | 34 | |
| 181 |
Eswatini
|
131 | 2024 | 33 | |
| 182 |
Mozambique
|
129 | 2024 | 32 | |
| 183 |
Portugal
|
128 | 2025 | 31 | |
| 184 |
Zambia
|
126 | 2024 | 30 | |
| 185 |
Luxembourg
|
123 | 2025 | 29 | |
| 186 |
Austria
|
117 | 2025 | 28 | |
| 187 |
Brazil
|
110 | 2025 | 27 | |
| 188 |
Belgium
|
109 | 2025 | 26 | |
| 189 |
Denmark
|
100 | 2025 | 25 | |
| 190 |
Kenya
|
95 | 2025 | 24 | |
| 191 |
Slovakia
|
95 | 2025 | 23 | |
| 192 |
New Zealand
|
93 | 2025 | 22 | |
| 193 |
Venezuela
|
86 | 2024 | 21 | |
| 194 |
Uruguay
|
80 | 2025 | 20 | |
| 195 |
Tajikistan
|
74 | 2025 | 19 | |
| 196 |
Uganda
|
59 | 2024 | 18 | |
| 197 |
Finland
|
57 | 2025 | 17 | |
| 198 |
Malawi
|
55 | 2024 | 16 | |
| 199 |
Namibia
|
49 | 2024 | 15 | |
| 200 |
Sierra Leone
|
48 | 2024 | 14 | |
| 201 |
France
|
41 | 2025 | 13 | |
| 202 |
Switzerland
|
39 | 2025 | 12 | |
| 203 |
Sweden
|
35 | 2025 | 11 | |
| 204 |
Norway
|
28 | 2025 | 10 | |
| 205 |
Iceland
|
28 | 2024 | 9 | |
| 206 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
28 | 2024 | 8 | |
| 207 |
Paraguay
|
25 | 2025 | 7 | |
| 208 |
Nepal
|
24 | 2024 | 6 | |
| 209 |
Costa Rica
|
24 | 2025 | 5 | |
| 210 |
Bhutan
|
24 | 2024 | 4 | |
| 211 |
Ethiopia
|
23 | 2025 | 3 | |
| 212 |
Lesotho
|
21 | 2022 | 2 | |
| 213 |
Central African Republic
|
0 | 2023 | 1 |
Carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector per kilowatt-hour of generation. A single number into which the whole structure of generation folds: a coal plant gives about 820 grams per kilowatt-hour, a gas plant roughly 490, and nuclear, wind and solar single digits. The indicator therefore reads as a summary verdict on a power system and is especially useful for comparing countries with different generation mixes: one may have a lot of hydro and another nuclear, yet the result comes out close.
Important: Emissions from generating electricity are counted, without emissions from building the plants and extracting the fuel. Aggregates are weighted by generation and computed from 2000 onward.
How much carbon dioxide the electricity sector of a country emits in a year.
Electricity 2000–2025 Fossil fuel share of electricityWhat share of its electricity a country gets from coal, gas and oil together.
Electricity 2000–2025 Clean electricity shareWhat share of its electricity a country gets from sources without emissions — renewables and nuclear.
Emissions 1820–2022 Carbon intensity of the economyHow many kilograms of CO2 fall on each dollar of output produced.