Contact Contacts
Public Finance

Government debt

Gross general government debt as a percent of GDP.

Unit: % of GDP Period: 1980–2031 Source: World Economic Outlook (IMF)
Source: IMF · About the indicator
Average: 59.3% Countries: 194

The ranking uses the latest available value for each country — the year is shown in the row. The table spans 2010 to 2031.

Government debt, 2010–2031

Top-20 · % of GDP

Government debt, 2010–20310100200300400VenezuelaVenezuela: 308.7%308.7EritreaEritrea: 260.4%260.4JapanJapan: 192.8%192.8SingaporeSingapore: 174.7%174.7BahrainBahrain: 161.2%161.2Saint Vincent and the G…Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 144.7%144.7United StatesUnited States: 142.1%142.1LebanonLebanon: 139.4%139.4ItalyItaly: 136.1%136.1MaldivesMaldives: 131.9%131.9ChinaChina: 126.8%126.8BhutanBhutan: 124%124BelgiumBelgium: 122.3%122.3SenegalSenegal: 121.4%121.4GabonGabon: 121.1%121.1FranceFrance: 120.7%120.7UkraineUkraine: 119.6%119.6SudanSudan: 116.3%116.3MozambiqueMozambique: 111.5%111.5GreeceGreece: 110.9%110.9
Government debt — 2010–2031 Current breakdown Full series CSV XLSX JSON
# Year Subregion World rank
1 VE Venezuela 308.7 2025 194
2 ER Eritrea 260.4 2019 193
3 JP Japan 192.8 2031 192
4 SG Singapore 174.7 2031 191
5 BH Bahrain 161.2 2031 190
6 VC Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 144.7 2031 189
7 US United States 142.1 2031 188
8 LB Lebanon 139.4 2025 187
9 IT Italy 136.1 2031 186
10 MV Maldives 131.9 2031 185
11 CN China 126.8 2031 184
12 BT Bhutan 124 2031 183
13 BE Belgium 122.3 2031 182
14 SN Senegal 121.4 2031 181
15 GA Gabon 121.1 2031 180
16 FR France 120.7 2031 179
17 UA Ukraine 119.6 2031 178
18 SD Sudan 116.3 2031 177
19 MZ Mozambique 111.5 2031 176
20 GR Greece 110.9 2031 175
21 BR Brazil 106.5 2031 174
22 CA Canada 103.5 2031 173
23 BO Bolivia 102.7 2026 172
24 GB United Kingdom 102.6 2031 171
25 FI Finland 100.8 2031 169
26 LK Sri Lanka 100.8 2024 169
27 TN Tunisia 91.1 2031 168
28 ES Spain 90.4 2031 167
29 HU Hungary 88.8 2031 166
30 AT Austria 86.4 2031 165
31 ZM Zambia 86 2025 164
32 DZ Algeria 85.9 2031 163
33 ZA South Africa 82.6 2031 162
34 TT Trinidad and Tobago 82.1 2031 161
35 CF Central African Republic 81.6 2031 159
36 DM Dominica 81.6 2031 159
37 KN Saint Kitts and Nevis 79.2 2031 158
38 MU Mauritius 78.3 2031 157
39 IN India 77.7 2031 156
40 PL Poland 77.6 2031 155
41 LC Saint Lucia 77.4 2031 154
42 TO Tonga 76.7 2031 153
43 FJ Fiji 76 2031 152
44 JO Jordan 75.7 2031 150
45 NA Namibia 75.7 2031 150
46 KE Kenya 75.1 2031 149
47 SK Slovakia 75 2031 148
48 SV El Salvador 74.4 2031 146
49 PT Portugal 74.4 2031 146
50 DE Germany 73.7 2031 145
51 IL Israel 73.2 2031 144
52 CV Cabo Verde 71.4 2031 143
53 EG Egypt 70.9 2031 142
54 IQ Iraq 70.6 2031 141
55 RO Romania 70.4 2031 140
56 TH Thailand 69.7 2031 139
57 BB Barbados 69.1 2031 138
58 MW Malawi 68.2 2031 137
59 UY Uruguay 67.3 2031 136
60 SI Slovenia 67.1 2031 135
61 GD Grenada 66.8 2031 134
62 ME Montenegro 66.1 2031 133
63 MY Malaysia 65.4 2031 132
64 GW Guinea-Bissau 65.2 2031 131
65 BW Botswana 64.4 2031 130
66 MX Mexico 63.6 2031 129
67 KR South Korea 63.1 2031 128
68 BS Bahamas 61.9 2031 127
69 RW Rwanda 61.6 2031 126
70 MA Morocco 61 2031 125
71 JM Jamaica 60.5 2031 124
72 CG Republic of the Congo 60.4 2031 123
73 BZ Belize 60 2031 122
74 CO Colombia 59.2 2031 121
75 HR Croatia 58.7 2031 120
76 CR Costa Rica 58.6 2031 119
77 AG Antigua and Barbuda 58.4 2031 118
78 PK Pakistan 58.2 2031 117
79 AO Angola 57.7 2031 116
80 TG Togo 56.7 2031 115
81 LT Lithuania 56.3 2031 114
82 PS Palestine 56.1 2024 113
83 SZ Eswatini 55.6 2031 112
84 NZ New Zealand 54.8 2031 111
85 PH Philippines 54.7 2031 110
86 EC Ecuador 54.4 2025 109
87 PA Panama 53.9 2031 108
88 MK North Macedonia 53.8 2031 107
89 CZ Czechia 53.6 2031 106
90 LV Latvia 53.5 2031 105
91 UG Uganda 53.3 2031 104
92 VU Vanuatu 52.9 2031 103
93 MN Mongolia 52.3 2031 102
94 AR Argentina 52.2 2031 101
95 LA Laos 51.7 2031 100
96 BJ Benin 50.3 2031 99
97 DO Dominican Republic 50 2031 97
98 LS Lesotho 50 2031 97
99 CL Chile 49.2 2031 96
100 AU Australia 49.1 2031 95
101 BD Bangladesh 48.8 2031 94
102 CI Côte d'Ivoire 48.6 2031 93
103 MM Myanmar 48.5 2031 92
104 MG Madagascar 48.3 2031 91
105 AL Albania 48 2031 88
106 AW Aruba 48 2031 88
107 NL Netherlands 48 2031 88
108 SM San Marino 47.7 2031 87
109 MT Malta 47.3 2031 86
110 AM Armenia 46.7 2031 85
111 SC Seychelles 46.6 2031 84
112 BF Burkina Faso 46.4 2031 83
113 NP Nepal 45.3 2031 82
114 GQ Equatorial Guinea 44.7 2031 81
115 GM Gambia 44.3 2031 79
116 NE Niger 44.3 2031 79
117 IR Iran 44.1 2031 78
118 LR Liberia 43.1 2031 77
119 IS Iceland 43 2031 76
120 SS South Sudan 42.8 2031 75
121 TZ Tanzania 42.6 2031 74
122 MD Moldova 42.5 2031 73
123 GH Ghana 42.3 2031 72
124 ID Indonesia 42.2 2031 70
125 SA Saudi Arabia 42.2 2031 70
126 RS Serbia 42.1 2031 69
127 BA Bosnia and Herzegovina 41.7 2031 68
128 EE Estonia 41.2 2031 67
129 MR Mauritania 40.8 2031 66
130 KG Kyrgyzstan 38.8 2031 65
131 ST Sao Tome and Principe 38.3 2031 64
132 ML Mali 37.9 2031 63
133 KW Kuwait 37.8 2031 62
134 KI Kiribati 37.7 2031 61
135 ZW Zimbabwe 37.6 2031 60
136 PY Paraguay 36.6 2031 58
137 SE Sweden 36.6 2031 58
138 BG Bulgaria 35.9 2031 57
139 QA Qatar 35.5 2031 56
140 SR Suriname 35.4 2031 55
141 LU Luxembourg 35.2 2031 54
142 SB Solomon Islands 34.9 2031 53
143 HN Honduras 34.5 2031 52
144 PG Papua New Guinea 34.4 2031 51
145 CD Democratic Republic of the Congo 33.5 2031 49
146 CH Switzerland 33.5 2031 49
147 GE Georgia 33 2031 48
148 PE Peru 32.2 2031 47
149 CY Cyprus 32.1 2031 45
150 KZ Kazakhstan 32.1 2031 45
151 CM Cameroon 31.9 2031 44
152 SL Sierra Leone 31.8 2031 43
153 BI Burundi 31.3 2031 42
154 NI Nicaragua 30.6 2031 41
155 NG Nigeria 30.1 2031 40
156 SY Syria 30 2010 39
157 DK Denmark 29.8 2031 38
158 GT Guatemala 29.6 2031 37
159 OM Oman 29.1 2031 35
160 RU Russia 29.1 2031 35
161 GN Guinea 28.9 2031 33
162 GY Guyana 28.9 2031 33
163 BY Belarus 28.2 2031 31
164 PW Palau 28.2 2031 31
165 IE Ireland 28 2031 30
166 KH Cambodia 27.8 2031 29
167 TW Taiwan 27.6 2031 28
168 TR Türkiye 27.5 2031 27
169 ET Ethiopia 27 2031 26
170 KM Comoros 26.8 2031 24
171 UZ Uzbekistan 26.8 2031 24
172 VN Vietnam 26.6 2031 23
173 AE United Arab Emirates 26 2031 22
174 TD Chad 25.7 2031 20
175 TJ Tajikistan 25.7 2031 20
176 NO Norway 25.5 2031 19
177 AD Andorra 24.5 2031 18
178 XK Kosovo 23.5 2031 17
179 AZ Azerbaijan 20.2 2031 16
180 HK Hong Kong 19.8 2031 15
181 WS Samoa 19.2 2031 14
182 PR Puerto Rico 18.6 2031 13
183 MH Marshall Islands 16.6 2031 12
184 DJ Djibouti 16.2 2031 11
185 TL Timor-Leste 16 2031 10
186 HT Haiti 11.8 2031 9
187 FM Micronesia 9.5 2031 8
188 AF Afghanistan 8 2025 7
189 NR Nauru 5.5 2031 6
190 TM Turkmenistan 4.9 2031 5
191 TV Tuvalu 1.9 2031 4
192 BN Brunei Darussalam 1.2 2031 3
193 LI Liechtenstein 0.5 2031 2
194 MO Macao 0 2031 1
Nothing found. Check the spelling of the name.
Maximum 308.7%
Median 50%
Minimum 0%
World 102.5%

About the indicator

Gross general government debt as a percent of GDP from the IMF World Economic Outlook database: all liabilities that require future payments of interest and/or principal. It covers the central government, regional and local budgets and extrabudgetary funds where the data allow. The threshold of 60% of GDP is used in the EU Maastricht criteria as a benchmark of sustainability.

Important: The coverage of the government sector differs between countries; when levels are compared, it matters whether regional budgets are included.

Updates
twice a year: April and October
Unit of measurement
% of GDP
Observation period
1980–2031
License
IMF open data
Dataset
World Economic Outlook

Related indicators

Public Finance 1980–2031 Budget balance

The budget deficit or surplus as a percent of GDP. A negative value means spending exceeds revenue.

% of GDP 188 countries IMF Public Finance 1970–2024 External debt

How much a country as a whole owes abroad — government, banks and companies together.

US$ 118 countries World Bank Public Finance 1972–2024 Government revenue

How much the state collects in a year — all revenue except foreign grants.

% of GDP 111 countries World Bank Public Finance 1972–2024 Tax revenue (% of GDP)

Taxes collected as a percent of GDP — the fiscal capacity of the state.

% of GDP 111 countries World Bank
All indicators in Public Finance