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Researchers per million people

The number of researchers per million residents — in full-time equivalent.

Unit: per million people Period: 1996–2024 Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)
Source: UIS · About the indicator
Average: 1,970 per 1M Countries: 145

The ranking uses the latest available value for each country — the year is shown in the row. The table spans 1997 to 2024.

Researchers per million people, 1997–2024

Top-20 · per million people

Researchers per million people, 1997–202405,00010,00015,00020,000LiechtensteinLiechtenstein: 18,130 per 1M18,130South KoreaSouth Korea: 9,472 per 1M9,472SwedenSweden: 8,911 per 1M8,911DenmarkDenmark: 8,838 per 1M8,838SingaporeSingapore: 8,782 per 1M8,782FinlandFinland: 8,315 per 1M8,315NorwayNorway: 7,451 per 1M7,451AustriaAustria: 6,634 per 1M6,634NetherlandsNetherlands: 6,563 per 1M6,563SwitzerlandSwitzerland: 6,108 per 1M6,108BelgiumBelgium: 5,990 per 1M5,990PortugalPortugal: 5,983 per 1M5,983IcelandIceland: 5,953 per 1M5,953GermanyGermany: 5,926 per 1M5,926Hong KongHong Kong: 5,874 per 1M5,874IrelandIreland: 5,753 per 1M5,753CanadaCanada: 5,624 per 1M5,624SloveniaSlovenia: 5,616 per 1M5,616JapanJapan: 5,609 per 1M5,609New ZealandNew Zealand: 5,435 per 1M5,435
Researchers per million people — 1997–2024 Current breakdown Full series CSV XLSX JSON
# Year Subregion World rank
1 LI Liechtenstein 18,130 2023 1
2 KR South Korea 9,472 2023 2
3 SE Sweden 8,911 2023 3
4 DK Denmark 8,838 2023 4
5 SG Singapore 8,782 2022 5
6 FI Finland 8,315 2023 6
7 NO Norway 7,451 2023 7
8 AT Austria 6,634 2023 8
9 NL Netherlands 6,563 2023 9
10 CH Switzerland 6,108 2023 10
11 BE Belgium 5,990 2023 11
12 PT Portugal 5,983 2023 12
13 IS Iceland 5,953 2023 13
14 DE Germany 5,926 2023 14
15 HK Hong Kong 5,874 2024 15
16 IE Ireland 5,753 2023 16
17 CA Canada 5,624 2022 17
18 SI Slovenia 5,616 2023 18
19 JP Japan 5,609 2023 19
20 NZ New Zealand 5,435 2023 20
21 FR France 5,369 2023 21
22 LU Luxembourg 5,359 2023 22
23 GR Greece 5,283 2023 23
24 US United States 4,937 2022 24
25 EE Estonia 4,800 2023 25
26 MO Macao 4,634 2024 26
27 AU Australia 4,569 2010 27
28 HU Hungary 4,567 2023 28
29 CZ Czechia 4,505 2023 29
30 GB United Kingdom 4,473 2017 30
31 LT Lithuania 3,704 2023 31
32 PL Poland 3,675 2023 32
33 ES Spain 3,654 2023 33
34 SK Slovakia 3,507 2023 34
35 IT Italy 2,855 2023 35
36 RS Serbia 2,688 2024 36
37 TR Türkiye 2,645 2023 37
38 RU Russia 2,639 2024 38
39 AE United Arab Emirates 2,607 2021 39
40 HR Croatia 2,440 2023 40
41 BG Bulgaria 2,401 2023 41
42 MT Malta 2,355 2023 42
43 IR Iran 2,240 2021 43
44 LV Latvia 2,191 2023 44
45 CU Cuba 2,171 2024 45
46 CN China 2,107 2023 46
47 GE Georgia 1,896 2024 47
48 FO Faroe Islands 1,825 2003 48
49 DZ Algeria 1,764 2024 49
50 CY Cyprus 1,686 2023 50
51 TN Tunisia 1,668 2024 51
52 AZ Azerbaijan 1,663 2024 52
53 TH Thailand 1,592 2023 53
54 BY Belarus 1,568 2024 54
55 AR Argentina 1,313 2023 55
56 SA Saudi Arabia 1,235 2024 56
57 MY Malaysia 1,218 2022 57
58 EG Egypt 1,120 2024 58
59 MA Morocco 1,083 2016 59
60 RO Romania 1,082 2023 60
61 QA Qatar 948 2021 61
62 AM Armenia 942 2024 62
63 UY Uruguay 938 2024 63
64 BR Brazil 903 2014 64
65 MK North Macedonia 888 2024 65
66 BH Bahrain 849 2024 66
67 VN Vietnam 836 2023 67
68 ME Montenegro 764 2019 68
69 KZ Kazakhstan 758 2024 69
70 OM Oman 739 2024 70
71 CL Chile 707 2022 71
72 BA Bosnia and Herzegovina 705 2024 72
73 GL Greenland 702 2004 73
74 MU Mauritius 689 2024 74
75 MD Moldova 650 2024 75
76 UZ Uzbekistan 640 2024 76
77 UA Ukraine 586 2022 77
78 PS Palestine 584 2013 78
79 JO Jordan 576 2017 79
80 SN Senegal 572 2015 80
81 MN Mongolia 535 2022 81
82 CR Costa Rica 508 2023 82
83 BN Brunei Darussalam 506 2022 83
84 TT Trinidad and Tobago 493 2022 84
85 PK Pakistan 474 2023 85
86 ZA South Africa 444 2022 86
87 MX Mexico 438 2024 87
88 AL Albania 429 2022 88
89 EC Ecuador 400 2014 89
90 ID Indonesia 395 2020 90
91 KE Kenya 384 2024 91
92 PR Puerto Rico 332 2015 92
93 PH Philippines 320 2020 93
94 MC Monaco 310 2005 94
95 GU Guam 292 2005 95
96 IN India 259 2020 96
97 PA Panama 250 2024 97
98 BT Bhutan 236 2024 98
99 NA Namibia 225 2022 99
100 HN Honduras 188 2019 100
101 VE Venezuela 180 2023 101
102 BW Botswana 180 2013 102
103 IQ Iraq 164 2021 103
104 SC Seychelles 147 2005 104
105 KW Kuwait 145 2024 105
106 SY Syria 140 2022 106
107 PY Paraguay 139 2023 107
108 SZ Eswatini 138 2015 108
109 RW Rwanda 133 2023 109
110 CG Republic of the Congo 127 2022 110
111 CV Cabo Verde 125 2014 111
112 AS American Samoa 106 2005 112
113 ZW Zimbabwe 95 2012 113
114 LK Sri Lanka 94 2022 114
115 CO Colombia 90 2017 115
116 ET Ethiopia 89 2017 116
117 GH Ghana 87 2015 117
118 UG Uganda 81 2023 118
119 NI Nicaragua 71 1997 119
120 CI Côte d'Ivoire 64 2005 120
121 BO Bolivia 63 2021 121
122 NP Nepal 60 2002 122
123 TG Togo 58 2024 123
124 TD Chad 57 2016 124
125 SV El Salvador 55 2023 125
126 GM Gambia 51 2018 126
127 BF Burkina Faso 47 2010 127
128 MZ Mozambique 44 2015 128
129 ZM Zambia 42 2008 129
130 PG Papua New Guinea 33 2016 130
131 MG Madagascar 33 2018 131
132 LS Lesotho 32 2023 132
133 KH Cambodia 30 2015 133
134 MM Myanmar 28 2023 134
135 NE Niger 27 2013 135
136 ML Mali 26 2023 136
137 MW Malawi 25 2019 137
138 BI Burundi 22 2018 138
139 NG Nigeria 22 2019 139
140 DO Dominican Republic 20 2022 140
141 TZ Tanzania 19 2013 141
142 AO Angola 19 2016 142
143 LA Laos 16 2002 143
144 CD Democratic Republic of the Congo 10 2015 144
145 GT Guatemala 1 2023 145
Nothing found. Check the spelling of the name.
Maximum 18,130 per 1M
Median 702 per 1M
Minimum 1 per 1M
World 1,652 per 1M

About the indicator

The number of researchers (professionals engaged in creating new knowledge, products and methods) per million people, in full-time equivalent. Doctoral students who conduct research are included. Conversion to full-time equivalent makes it possible to compare countries in which the share of part-time work in research differs.

Updates
twice a year
Unit of measurement
per million people
Observation period
1996–2024
License
CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
Dataset
UIS Data Centre

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