Education and research activity: literacy overall and by sex, gross enrollment ratios for primary, secondary and tertiary education, out-of-school children, education spending as a percentage of GDP and as a share of the budget, research spending, the number of researchers and scientific publications. Intellectual property sits here as well: applications for patents, trademarks and industrial designs from residents and from nonresidents — three different questions, because a patent speaks of an invention, a trademark of market entry, and a design of the appearance of a product. Data from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics and WIPO.
The share of adults able to read and write simple statements about everyday life.
1970–2025 Education expenditure (% of GDP)Government spending on education at all levels as a percentage of GDP.
1970–2019 Primary school enrollmentThe net enrollment rate: the share of children of school age attending primary school.
1970–2025 Secondary school enrollmentThe gross enrollment ratio for secondary school.
1970–2025 Tertiary education enrollmentHow many university students there are relative to the population of the corresponding age.
1996–2024 R&D expenditure (% of GDP)Gross domestic expenditure on research and development as a percentage of GDP.
1996–2024 Researchers per million peopleThe number of researchers per million residents — in full-time equivalent.
1996–2023 Scientific and technical journal articlesThe number of articles in scientific and technical journals per year.
1980–2021 Patent applications by residentsHow many patent applications residents of a country file per year.
1970–2025 Primary completion rateWhat share of children reach the last grade of primary school.
2010–2020 Harmonized test scoresWhat children have actually learned — a score on a scale that brings different international tests together.
1970–2025 Children out of schoolHow many children of school age are not in school — in absolute numbers.
1970–2025 Share of children out of schoolWhat share of children of school age are not in school.
1970–2024 Population with tertiary educationWhat share of adults hold a bachelor's degree or higher.
1980–2025 Education expenditure in the budgetWhat part of government spending a country devotes to education.
1980–2021 Patent applications by nonresidentsHow many patent applications foreign applicants file in a country — a measure of the appeal of its market.
2004–2021 Trademark applications by residentsHow many trademarks residents of a country register in their own name per year.
2004–2021 Trademark applications by nonresidentsHow many trademarks foreign applicants register in a country — a measure of interest in its market.
1980–2021 Industrial design applications by residentsHow many product designs residents of a country register per year.
1980–2021 Industrial design applications by nonresidentsHow many product designs foreign applicants register in a country.