Composite scores put together by research centers and organizations: the UNDP Human Development Index, the V-Dem and Polity democracy indexes, the Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index, press freedom as measured by RSF and Freedom House, civil liberties, gender inequality, the level of happiness from Gallup surveys. These are estimates, not measurements: on the same country different projects disagree, and that is exactly why we keep several scales side by side instead of one “correct” scale.
A composite measure of development: life expectancy, education and income in a single number from 0 to 1.
1990–2023 Gender development indexThe ratio of the Human Development Index of women to the same index of men.
1990–2023 Gender inequality indexA composite measure of inequality between the sexes: health, representation and labor market participation.
2012–2024 Corruption perceptions indexAn assessment of perceived corruption in the public sector on a scale from 0 to 100. Higher is cleaner.
2010–2020 Human capital indexWhat share of their potential a child born today will manage to realize.