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Trade openness — all countries

Trade openness — Spain

Trade openness in Spain in 2025 — 69.45%. Ranked 82 in the world out of 138. Since 1970, the indicator has risen by 43.6 pp.

2025 69.45% −0.5 pp vs 2024
World rank 82of 138
Period maximum 78.47%2022
Period minimum 25.85%1970

Trend over time

1970–2025 · % of GDP

Trade openness — Spain, 1970–202502040608019701976198219881994200020062012201820241970: 25.85%1971: 25.93%1972: 27.21%1973: 28.14%1974: 31.73%1975: 29.12%1976: 30.11%1977: 29.2%1978: 27.76%1979: 27.87%1980: 31.6%1981: 35.42%1982: 36.57%1983: 39.82%1984: 41.59%1985: 40.92%1986: 35.39%1987: 36.36%1988: 36.76%1989: 37.43%1990: 35.65%1991: 35.52%1992: 36.02%1993: 37%1994: 41.7%1995: 44.83%1996: 46.3%1997: 51.23%1998: 52.73%1999: 54.7%2000: 60.12%2001: 58.01%2002: 55.1%2003: 53.44%2004: 54.48%2005: 54.7%2006: 56.08%2007: 57.63%2008: 55.83%2009: 46.84%2010: 52.69%2011: 58.51%2012: 60.55%2013: 61.67%2014: 63.4%2015: 63.58%2016: 63.19%2017: 66.17%2018: 67.01%2019: 66.37%2020: 59.45%2021: 66.52%2022: 78.47%2023: 71.8%2024: 69.95%2025: 69.45%
Change over the period: +43.6 pp Annual average: 0.79 pp

Comparison, 2025

How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: Spain

Spain 69.45%
World 68.49%
Europe & Central Asia 81.82%
Southern Europe computed 71.96%
Trade openness — Spain, by year Spain All countries CSV XLSX
Year % Change, pp
2025 69.45 −0.5 pp
2024 69.95 −1.85 pp
2023 71.8 −6.67 pp
2022 78.47 +11.94 pp
2021 66.52 +7.08 pp
2020 59.45 −6.92 pp
2019 66.37 −0.64 pp
2018 67.01 +0.84 pp
2017 66.17 +2.98 pp
2016 63.19 −0.39 pp
2015 63.58 +0.18 pp
2014 63.4 +1.73 pp
2013 61.67 +1.11 pp
2012 60.55 +2.04 pp
2011 58.51 +5.82 pp
2010 52.69 +5.86 pp
2009 46.84 −8.99 pp
2008 55.83 −1.8 pp
2007 57.63 +1.54 pp
2006 56.08 +1.38 pp
2005 54.7 +0.22 pp
2004 54.48 +1.04 pp
2003 53.44 −1.67 pp
2002 55.1 −2.91 pp
2001 58.01 −2.11 pp
2000 60.12 +5.42 pp
1999 54.7 +1.97 pp
1998 52.73 +1.5 pp
1997 51.23 +4.93 pp
1996 46.3 +1.47 pp
1995 44.83 +3.13 pp
1994 41.7 +4.7 pp
1993 37 +0.97 pp
1992 36.02 +0.5 pp
1991 35.52 −0.13 pp
1990 35.65 −1.78 pp
1989 37.43 +0.67 pp
1988 36.76 +0.39 pp
1987 36.36 +0.97 pp
1986 35.39 −5.53 pp
1985 40.92 −0.68 pp
1984 41.59 +1.78 pp
1983 39.82 +3.24 pp
1982 36.57 +1.15 pp
1981 35.42 +3.82 pp
1980 31.6 +3.73 pp
1979 27.87 +0.11 pp
1978 27.76 −1.44 pp
1977 29.2 −0.91 pp
1976 30.11 +0.99 pp
1975 29.12 −2.61 pp
1974 31.73 +3.59 pp
1973 28.14 +0.93 pp
1972 27.21 +1.29 pp
1971 25.93 +0.07 pp
1970 25.85 —

Southern Europe, 2025

The same indicator for neighboring countries — with links to their pages

MT Malta 219.01 SI Slovenia 151.92 MK North Macedonia 133.04 XK Kosovo 118.19 RS Serbia 112.92 ME Montenegro 105.77 HR Croatia 100.99 BA Bosnia and Herzegovina 95.12 PT Portugal 86.4 GR Greece 83.45 AL Albania 79.53 ES Spain 69.45 IT Italy 62.52
Full table for all countries

About the indicator

The sum of exports and imports of goods and services as a percent of GDP — the standard indicator of the trade openness of an economy. Values above 100% are not an anomaly: they mean that trade turnover exceeds annual GDP, which is typical of trading hubs and of small economies built into supply chains.

Source: World Development Indicators (World Bank), license CC BY 4.0.

Other indicators for Spain

Trade Merchandise trade (% of GDP)

Merchandise exports plus imports as a percent of GDP — without services.

Spain by year Trade Exports (% of GDP)

How far the economy is oriented toward external markets.

Spain by year Trade Imports (% of GDP)

How far the economy depends on supplies from abroad.

Spain by year Trade Trade balance

The difference between exports and imports of goods and services. A minus means imports are larger.

Spain by year
All indicators for Spain