R&D expenditure (% of GDP) in Montenegro in 2019 — 0.36%. Ranked 62 in the world out of 98. Since 2003, the indicator has fallen by 0.43 pp.
2003–2019 · % of GDP
How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: Montenegro
| Year | % | Change, pp |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 0.36 | −0.14 pp |
| 2018 | 0.5 | +0.15 pp |
| 2017 | 0.35 | +0.02 pp |
| 2016 | 0.32 | −0.05 pp |
| 2015 | 0.37 | +0.01 pp |
| 2014 | 0.36 | −0.01 pp |
| 2013 | 0.37 | — |
| 2011 | 0.31 | — |
| 2007 | 1.15 | −0.08 pp |
| 2006 | 1.23 | +0.31 pp |
| 2005 | 0.92 | −0.09 pp |
| 2004 | 1.02 | +0.22 pp |
| 2003 | 0.8 | — |
The same indicator for neighboring countries — with links to their pages
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP — all current and capital spending by business, government, universities and nonprofit organizations on basic and applied research. The threshold of 3% of GDP is the target adopted in the EU; the leaders (Israel, South Korea) exceed 4.5%.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.
The number of researchers per million residents — in full-time equivalent.
Education Patent applications by residentsHow many patent applications residents of a country file per year.
Education Scientific and technical journal articlesThe number of articles in scientific and technical journals per year.
Trade High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)What part of manufactured exports consists of high-technology products.
