R&D expenditure (% of GDP) in Southern Europe in 2022 — 1.39%. Since 2003, the indicator has risen by 0.41 pp.
2003–2022 · % of GDP
How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: Southern Europe
| Year | % | Change, pp |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 1.39 | −0.01 pp |
| 2021 | 1.4 | — |
| 2019 | 1.35 | +0.03 pp |
| 2018 | 1.32 | +0.04 pp |
| 2017 | 1.28 | +0.02 pp |
| 2016 | 1.26 | +0.01 pp |
| 2015 | 1.25 | −0 pp |
| 2014 | 1.26 | +0.01 pp |
| 2013 | 1.25 | — |
| 2008 | 1.18 | +0.07 pp |
| 2007 | 1.11 | +0.05 pp |
| 2006 | 1.06 | +0.05 pp |
| 2005 | 1 | +0.02 pp |
| 2004 | 0.98 | +0 pp |
| 2003 | 0.98 | — |
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP — all current and capital spending by business, government, universities and nonprofit organizations on basic and applied research. The threshold of 3% of GDP is the target adopted in the EU; the leaders (Israel, South Korea) exceed 4.5%.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.
The number of researchers per million residents — in full-time equivalent.
Education Patent applications by residentsHow many patent applications residents of a country file per year.
Education Scientific and technical journal articlesThe number of articles in scientific and technical journals per year.