Contact Contacts
Environment

Freshwater withdrawal

How much water a country withdraws in a year for agriculture, industry and households.

Unit: km³ per year Period: 1962–2022 Source: FAOSTAT (FAO)
Source: FAO · About the indicator
Average: 21 km³ Countries: 181

The ranking uses the latest available value for each country — the year is shown in the row. The table spans 2021 to 2022.

Freshwater withdrawal, 2021–2022

Top-20 · km³ per year

Freshwater withdrawal, 2021–20220200400600800IndiaIndia: 647.5 km³648ChinaChina: 568.48 km³568United StatesUnited States: 444.29 km³444IndonesiaIndonesia: 222.64 km³223PakistanPakistan: 179.3 km³179IranIran: 92.95 km³93PhilippinesPhilippines: 91.04 km³91MexicoMexico: 89.8 km³90VietnamVietnam: 81.86 km³82JapanJapan: 79.7 km³80EgyptEgypt: 77.5 km³78BrazilBrazil: 67.94 km³68RussiaRussia: 64.82 km³65TürkiyeTürkiye: 64.47 km³64ThailandThailand: 57.31 km³57UzbekistanUzbekistan: 42.9 km³43IraqIraq: 42.42 km³42ArgentinaArgentina: 37.69 km³38CanadaCanada: 36.13 km³36BangladeshBangladesh: 35.87 km³36
Freshwater withdrawal — 2021–2022 Current breakdown Full series CSV XLSX JSON
# Year Subregion World rank
1 IN India 648 2022 1
2 CN China 568 2022 2
3 US United States 444 2022 3
4 ID Indonesia 223 2022 4
5 PK Pakistan 179 2022 5
6 IR Iran 93 2022 6
7 PH Philippines 91 2022 7
8 MX Mexico 90 2022 8
9 VN Vietnam 82 2022 9
10 JP Japan 80 2022 10
11 EG Egypt 78 2022 11
12 BR Brazil 68 2022 12
13 RU Russia 65 2022 13
14 TR Türkiye 64 2022 14
15 TH Thailand 57 2022 15
16 UZ Uzbekistan 43 2022 16
17 IQ Iraq 42 2022 17
18 AR Argentina 38 2022 18
19 CA Canada 36 2022 19
20 BD Bangladesh 36 2022 20
21 CL Chile 35 2022 21
22 IT Italy 34 2022 22
23 MM Myanmar 33 2022 23
24 KR South Korea 29 2022 24
25 ES Spain 29 2022 25
26 SD Sudan 27 2022 26
27 TM Turkmenistan 26 2022 27
28 PE Peru 26 2022 28
29 DE Germany 26 2022 29
30 KZ Kazakhstan 25 2022 30
31 FR France 24 2022 31
32 CO Colombia 24 2022 32
33 SA Saudi Arabia 23 2022 33
34 VE Venezuela 23 2022 34
35 ZA South Africa 21 2022 35
36 AF Afghanistan 20 2022 36
37 SY Syria 14 2022 37
38 MG Madagascar 13 2022 38
39 AZ Azerbaijan 13 2022 39
40 LK Sri Lanka 13 2022 40
41 NG Nigeria 12 2022 41
42 AU Australia 12 2022 42
43 TJ Tajikistan 11 2022 43
44 MA Morocco 11 2022 44
45 ET Ethiopia 11 2022 45
46 DZ Algeria 10 2022 46
47 GR Greece 10 2022 47
48 EC Ecuador 10 2022 48
49 NZ New Zealand 10 2022 49
50 NP Nepal 9 2022 50
51 PL Poland 9 2022 51
52 KP North Korea 9 2022 52
53 GB United Kingdom 8 2022 53
54 NL Netherlands 8 2022 54
55 RO Romania 8 2022 55
56 KG Kyrgyzstan 8 2022 56
57 LA Laos 7 2022 57
58 DO Dominican Republic 7 2022 58
59 CU Cuba 7 2022 59
60 MY Malaysia 7 2022 60
61 PT Portugal 6 2022 61
62 LY Libya 6 2022 62
63 BG Bulgaria 5 2022 63
64 ML Mali 5 2022 64
65 TZ Tanzania 5 2022 65
66 RS Serbia 5 2022 66
67 ZW Zimbabwe 5 2022 67
68 UA Ukraine 5 2022 68
69 HU Hungary 5 2022 69
70 UY Uruguay 5 2022 70
71 BE Belgium 4 2022 71
72 KE Kenya 4 2022 72
73 TN Tunisia 4 2022 73
74 YE Yemen 4 2022 74
75 CR Costa Rica 3 2022 75
76 GT Guatemala 3 2022 76
77 SO Somalia 3 2022 77
78 AT Austria 3 2022 78
79 AM Armenia 3 2022 79
80 SN Senegal 3 2022 80
81 FI Finland 3 2022 81
82 NO Norway 3 2022 82
83 NE Niger 3 2022 83
84 SE Sweden 2 2022 84
85 PY Paraguay 2 2022 85
86 AE United Arab Emirates 2 2022 86
87 ME Montenegro 2 2022 87
88 KH Cambodia 2 2022 88
89 MK North Macedonia 2 2022 89
90 SV El Salvador 2 2022 90
91 LB Lebanon 2 2022 91
92 CH Switzerland 2 2022 92
93 IE Ireland 2 2022 93
94 OM Oman 2 2022 94
95 HN Honduras 2 2022 95
96 ZM Zambia 2 2022 96
97 IL Israel 2 2021 97
98 MZ Mozambique 1 2022 98
99 HT Haiti 1 2022 99
100 GH Ghana 1 2022 100
101 CZ Czechia 1 2022 101
102 GY Guyana 1 2022 102
103 BY Belarus 1 2022 103
104 MW Malawi 1 2022 104
105 MR Mauritania 1 2022 105
106 JM Jamaica 1 2022 106
107 GE Georgia 1 2022 107
108 NI Nicaragua 1 2022 108
109 PA Panama 1 2022 109
110 EE Estonia 1 2022 110
111 TL Timor-Leste 1 2022 111
112 CI Côte d'Ivoire 1 2022 112
113 CM Cameroon 1 2022 113
114 SZ Eswatini 1 2022 114
115 JO Jordan 1 2022 115
116 DK Denmark 1 2022 116
117 GN Guinea 1 2022 117
118 TD Chad 1 2022 118
119 PR Puerto Rico 1 2022 119
120 MD Moldova 1 2022 120
121 SI Slovenia 1 2022 121
122 BF Burkina Faso 1 2022 122
123 AL Albania 1 2022 123
124 KW Kuwait 1 2022 124
125 AO Angola 1 2022 125
126 CD Democratic Republic of the Congo 1 2022 126
127 HR Croatia 1 2022 127
128 SS South Sudan 1 2022 128
129 UG Uganda 1 2022 129
130 MU Mauritius 1 2022 130
131 SR Suriname 1 2022 131
132 RW Rwanda 1 2022 132
133 ER Eritrea 1 2022 133
134 SK Slovakia 1 2022 134
135 MN Mongolia 0 2022 135
136 PG Papua New Guinea 0 2022 136
137 BO Bolivia 0 2022 137
138 BT Bhutan 0 2022 138
139 TT Trinidad and Tobago 0 2022 139
140 PS Palestine 0 2021 140
141 BA Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 2022 141
142 LT Lithuania 0 2022 142
143 IS Iceland 0 2022 143
144 BI Burundi 0 2022 144
145 QA Qatar 0 2022 145
146 CY Cyprus 0 2022 146
147 TG Togo 0 2022 146
148 BW Botswana 0 2022 148
149 SL Sierra Leone 0 2022 149
150 SG Singapore 0 2022 150
151 CV Cabo Verde 0 2022 151
152 GW Guinea-Bissau 0 2022 152
153 LV Latvia 0 2022 153
154 BH Bahrain 0 2022 154
155 LR Liberia 0 2022 155
156 GA Gabon 0 2022 156
157 BJ Benin 0 2022 157
158 NA Namibia 0 2022 158
159 GM Gambia 0 2022 159
160 BZ Belize 0 2022 160
161 BN Brunei Darussalam 0 2022 161
162 FJ Fiji 0 2022 162
163 CF Central African Republic 0 2022 163
164 BB Barbados 0 2022 164
165 LU Luxembourg 0 2022 165
166 CG Republic of the Congo 0 2022 166
167 LS Lesotho 0 2022 167
168 LC Saint Lucia 0 2022 168
169 ST Sao Tome and Principe 0 2022 169
170 MT Malta 0 2022 170
171 DM Dominica 0 2022 171
172 GQ Equatorial Guinea 0 2022 172
173 DJ Djibouti 0 2022 173
174 GD Grenada 0 2022 174
175 KN Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 2022 175
176 SC Seychelles 0 2022 176
177 KM Comoros 0 2022 177
178 VC Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 2022 178
179 MC Monaco 0 2022 179
180 MV Maldives 0 2022 180
181 AG Antigua and Barbuda 0 2022 181
Nothing found. Check the spelling of the name.
Maximum 648 km³
Median 2 km³
Minimum 0 km³
World 3,853 km³

About the indicator

Annual freshwater withdrawal for all uses: irrigation, industry, municipal supply. More than two-thirds of global withdrawal goes to agriculture, so the volume is tied more closely to the area under irrigation than to the number of residents or the size of industry. Withdrawal is not consumption: part of the water returns to water bodies, though usually in worse condition.

Important: Withdrawal, not consumptive use. It can exceed a country's own renewable resources: the country then takes water from across the border, from non-renewable groundwater, or desalinates it.

Updates
annually
Unit of measurement
km³ per year
Observation period
1962–2022
License
CC BY 4.0
Dataset
FAOSTAT

Related indicators

Environment 1962–2022 Freshwater withdrawal as a share of resources

How much water is withdrawn relative to the internal resources available.

% of internal resources 175 countries FAO Environment 1961–2022 Renewable water resources

How much water a country's own annual cycle gives it — with no inflow from abroad.

km³ per year 181 countries FAO Agriculture 1990–2023 Irrigated land

The share of agricultural land equipped for irrigation.

% of agricultural land 61 countries FAO Environment 1990–2023 Forest cover

What share of a country's territory is covered by forest.

% of land area 213 countries FAO Environment 1990–2023 Forest area

The absolute area of forest in square kilometers.

km² 213 countries FAO Environment 2013–2025 Protected areas

The share of land and sea under protection — nature reserves, national parks, sanctuaries.

% of territory 213 countries World Bank
All indicators in Environment