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R&D expenditure (% of GDP) — all countries

R&D expenditure (% of GDP) — Romania

R&D expenditure (% of GDP) in Romania in 2023 — 0.52%. Ranked 51 in the world out of 84. Since 1996, the indicator has fallen by 0.16 pp.

2023 0.52% +0.05 pp vs 2022
World rank 51of 84
Period maximum 0.67%1996
Period minimum 0.37%2000

Trend over time

1996–2023 · % of GDP

R&D expenditure (% of GDP) — Romania, 1996–20230.30.40.50.60.719961999200220052008201120142017202020231996: 0.67%1997: 0.57%1998: 0.5%1999: 0.4%2000: 0.37%2001: 0.39%2002: 0.38%2003: 0.4%2004: 0.39%2005: 0.41%2006: 0.46%2007: 0.51%2008: 0.55%2009: 0.44%2010: 0.45%2011: 0.47%2012: 0.46%2013: 0.39%2014: 0.38%2015: 0.49%2016: 0.49%2017: 0.51%2018: 0.5%2019: 0.47%2020: 0.46%2021: 0.47%2022: 0.46%2023: 0.52%
Change over the period: −0.16 pp Annual average: -0.01 pp

Comparison, 2023

How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: Romania

Romania 0.52%
World 2.6%
Europe & Central Asia 2.14%
Eastern Europe computed 1.08%
R&D expenditure (% of GDP) — Romania, by year Romania All countries CSV XLSX
Year % Change, pp
2023 0.52 +0.05 pp
2022 0.46 −0.01 pp
2021 0.47 +0.01 pp
2020 0.46 −0.01 pp
2019 0.47 −0.02 pp
2018 0.5 −0.01 pp
2017 0.51 +0.02 pp
2016 0.49 +0 pp
2015 0.49 +0.11 pp
2014 0.38 −0.01 pp
2013 0.39 −0.07 pp
2012 0.46 −0.01 pp
2011 0.47 +0.03 pp
2010 0.45 +0 pp
2009 0.44 −0.11 pp
2008 0.55 +0.04 pp
2007 0.51 +0.05 pp
2006 0.46 +0.04 pp
2005 0.41 +0.02 pp
2004 0.39 −0.01 pp
2003 0.4 +0.02 pp
2002 0.38 −0.01 pp
2001 0.39 +0.03 pp
2000 0.37 −0.03 pp
1999 0.4 −0.1 pp
1998 0.5 −0.08 pp
1997 0.57 −0.1 pp
1996 0.67 —

Eastern Europe, 2023

The same indicator for neighboring countries — with links to their pages

CZ Czechia 1.83 PL Poland 1.56 HU Hungary 1.38 SK Slovakia 1.03 RU Russia 0.94 BG Bulgaria 0.79 BY Belarus 0.57 RO Romania 0.52 UA Ukraine 0.32 MD Moldova 0.22
Full table for all countries

About the indicator

Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP — all current and capital spending by business, government, universities and nonprofit organizations on basic and applied research. The threshold of 3% of GDP is the target adopted in the EU; the leaders (Israel, South Korea) exceed 4.5%.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.

Other indicators for Romania

Education Researchers per million people

The number of researchers per million residents — in full-time equivalent.

Romania by year Education Patent applications by residents

How many patent applications residents of a country file per year.

Romania by year Education Scientific and technical journal articles

The number of articles in scientific and technical journals per year.

Romania by year Trade High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)

What part of manufactured exports consists of high-technology products.

Romania by year
All indicators for Romania