R&D expenditure (% of GDP) in Estonia in 2023 — 1.84%. Ranked 20 in the world out of 84. Since 1998, the indicator has risen by 1.27 pp.
1998–2023 · % of GDP
How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: Estonia
| Year | % | Change, pp |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 1.84 | +0.08 pp |
| 2022 | 1.76 | +0.01 pp |
| 2021 | 1.75 | +0.03 pp |
| 2020 | 1.73 | +0.14 pp |
| 2019 | 1.59 | +0.21 pp |
| 2018 | 1.38 | +0.13 pp |
| 2017 | 1.25 | +0.03 pp |
| 2016 | 1.22 | −0.22 pp |
| 2015 | 1.44 | +0.03 pp |
| 2014 | 1.41 | −0.29 pp |
| 2013 | 1.7 | −0.4 pp |
| 2012 | 2.1 | −0.19 pp |
| 2011 | 2.3 | +0.72 pp |
| 2010 | 1.58 | +0.18 pp |
| 2009 | 1.4 | +0.14 pp |
| 2008 | 1.25 | +0.19 pp |
| 2007 | 1.06 | −0.05 pp |
| 2006 | 1.11 | +0.2 pp |
| 2005 | 0.92 | +0.07 pp |
| 2004 | 0.85 | +0.08 pp |
| 2003 | 0.76 | +0.05 pp |
| 2002 | 0.71 | +0.01 pp |
| 2001 | 0.7 | +0.1 pp |
| 2000 | 0.6 | −0.08 pp |
| 1999 | 0.68 | +0.11 pp |
| 1998 | 0.57 | — |
The same indicator for neighboring countries — with links to their pages
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP — all current and capital spending by business, government, universities and nonprofit organizations on basic and applied research. The threshold of 3% of GDP is the target adopted in the EU; the leaders (Israel, South Korea) exceed 4.5%.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.
The number of researchers per million residents — in full-time equivalent.
Education Patent applications by residentsHow many patent applications residents of a country file per year.
Education Scientific and technical journal articlesThe number of articles in scientific and technical journals per year.
Trade High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)What part of manufactured exports consists of high-technology products.
