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Government debt — all countries

Government debt — European Union

Government debt in the European Union in 2031 — 85.9%. Since 1995, the indicator has risen by 15.3 pp.

2031 85.9% +0.4 pp vs 2030
World rank —
Period maximum 91.3%2020
Period minimum 62.3%2007

Trend over time

1995–2031 · % of GDP

Government debt — European Union, 1995–20316070809010019951999200320072011201520192023202720311995: 70.6%1996: 72.6%1997: 72%1998: 70.5%1999: 69.6%2000: 66.6%2001: 65.7%2002: 65.6%2003: 66.9%2004: 67%2005: 67.2%2006: 64.9%2007: 62.3%2008: 65.6%2009: 75.6%2010: 80.5%2011: 82.5%2012: 86.6%2013: 88.9%2014: 89.1%2015: 87%2016: 85.9%2017: 83.3%2018: 81.3%2019: 79.1%2020: 91.3%2021: 88.4%2022: 83.9%2023: 81.7%2024: 82%2025: 82.5%2026: 83.5%2027: 84.3%2028: 84.6%2029: 85.1%2030: 85.5%2031: 85.9%
Change over the period: +15.3 pp Annual average: 0.43 pp

Comparison, 2031

How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: European Union

European Union 85.9%
World computed 102.5%
Government debt — European Union, by year European Union All countries CSV XLSX
Year % Change, pp
2031 85.9 +0.4 pp
2030 85.5 +0.5 pp
2029 85.1 +0.5 pp
2028 84.6 +0.3 pp
2027 84.3 +0.8 pp
2026 83.5 +1 pp
2025 82.5 +0.5 pp
2024 82 +0.2 pp
2023 81.7 −2.2 pp
2022 83.9 −4.5 pp
2021 88.4 −2.9 pp
2020 91.3 +12.2 pp
2019 79.1 −2.2 pp
2018 81.3 −2 pp
2017 83.3 −2.6 pp
2016 85.9 −1.1 pp
2015 87 −2.1 pp
2014 89.1 +0.2 pp
2013 88.9 +2.3 pp
2012 86.6 +4.1 pp
2011 82.5 +2 pp
2010 80.5 +4.9 pp
2009 75.6 +10 pp
2008 65.6 +3.2 pp
2007 62.3 −2.6 pp
2006 64.9 −2.3 pp
2005 67.2 +0.2 pp
2004 67 +0.1 pp
2003 66.9 +1.3 pp
2002 65.6 −0 pp
2001 65.7 −1 pp
2000 66.6 −2.9 pp
1999 69.6 −1 pp
1998 70.5 −1.5 pp
1997 72 −0.6 pp
1996 72.6 +2 pp
1995 70.6 —

About the indicator

Gross general government debt as a percent of GDP from the IMF World Economic Outlook database: all liabilities that require future payments of interest and/or principal. It covers the central government, regional and local budgets and extrabudgetary funds where the data allow. The threshold of 60% of GDP is used in the EU Maastricht criteria as a benchmark of sustainability.

Important: The coverage of the government sector differs between countries; when levels are compared, it matters whether regional budgets are included.

Source: World Economic Outlook (IMF), license IMF open data.

Other indicators for the European Union

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The budget deficit or surplus as a percent of GDP. A negative value means spending exceeds revenue.

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How much the state collects in a year — all revenue except foreign grants.

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Taxes collected as a percent of GDP — the fiscal capacity of the state.

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