Carbon intensity of electricity — all countries

Carbon intensity of electricity — Northern Europe

Carbon intensity of electricity in Northern Europe in 2025 — 119 g/kWh. Since 2000, the indicator has fallen by 63.5%.

2025 119 g/kWh +0.08% vs 2024
World rank
Period maximum 371 g/kWh2003
Period minimum 119 g/kWh2024

Trend over time

2000–2025 · grams CO₂ per kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity — Northern Europe, 2000–202501002003004002000200320062009201220152018202120242000: 326 g/kWh2001: 337 g/kWh2002: 338 g/kWh2003: 371 g/kWh2004: 349 g/kWh2005: 329 g/kWh2006: 367 g/kWh2007: 350 g/kWh2008: 335 g/kWh2009: 321 g/kWh2010: 337 g/kWh2011: 313 g/kWh2012: 307 g/kWh2013: 306 g/kWh2014: 272 g/kWh2015: 234 g/kWh2016: 212 g/kWh2017: 192 g/kWh2018: 185 g/kWh2019: 168 g/kWh2020: 145 g/kWh2021: 158 g/kWh2022: 156 g/kWh2023: 132 g/kWh2024: 119 g/kWh2025: 119 g/kWh
Change over the period: −207 (−63.53%) Average annual rate: -3.95 %
Carbon intensity of electricity — Northern Europe, by year Northern Europe All countries CSV XLSX
Year g/kWh Change Change, %
2025 119 +0 +0.08%
2024 119 −13 −9.91%
2023 132 −24 −15.52%
2022 156 −2 −1.03%
2021 158 +12 +8.6%
2020 145 −23 −13.42%
2019 168 −17 −9.11%
2018 185 −7 −3.71%
2017 192 −21 −9.75%
2016 212 −21 −9.18%
2015 234 −39 −14.14%
2014 272 −34 −11.1%
2013 306 −0 −0.1%
2012 307 −6 −1.97%
2011 313 −24 −7.05%
2010 337 +16 +4.88%
2009 321 −15 −4.34%
2008 335 −14 −4.14%
2007 350 −17 −4.6%
2006 367 +38 +11.6%
2005 329 −21 −5.91%
2004 349 −22 −5.95%
2003 371 +34 +9.94%
2002 338 +1 +0.37%
2001 337 +11 +3.28%
2000 326

About the indicator

Carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector per kilowatt-hour of generation. A single number into which the whole structure of generation folds: a coal plant gives about 820 grams per kilowatt-hour, a gas plant roughly 490, and nuclear, wind and solar single digits. The indicator therefore reads as a summary verdict on a power system and is especially useful for comparing countries with different generation mixes: one may have a lot of hydro and another nuclear, yet the result comes out close.

Important: Emissions from generating electricity are counted, without emissions from building the plants and extracting the fuel. Aggregates are weighted by generation and computed from 2000 onward.

Source: Yearly Electricity Data (Ember), license CC BY 4.0.