Researchers per million people in the European Union in 2023 — 4,741 per 1M. Since 1996, the indicator has risen by 141.9%.
1996–2023 · per million people
| Year | per 1M | Change | Change, % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 4,741 | +117 | +2.54% |
| 2022 | 4,624 | +220 | +5% |
| 2021 | 4,404 | +179 | +4.23% |
| 2020 | 4,225 | +69 | +1.66% |
| 2019 | 4,156 | +145 | +3.62% |
| 2018 | 4,011 | +164 | +4.25% |
| 2017 | 3,847 | +202 | +5.55% |
| 2016 | 3,645 | +100 | +2.81% |
| 2015 | 3,545 | +141 | +4.14% |
| 2014 | 3,404 | +61 | +1.82% |
| 2013 | 3,344 | +97 | +3% |
| 2012 | 3,246 | +122 | +3.9% |
| 2011 | 3,124 | +36 | +1.17% |
| 2010 | 3,088 | +102 | +3.4% |
| 2009 | 2,986 | +54 | +1.84% |
| 2008 | 2,932 | +162 | +5.84% |
| 2007 | 2,771 | +81 | +3% |
| 2006 | 2,690 | +89 | +3.42% |
| 2005 | 2,601 | +74 | +2.92% |
| 2004 | 2,527 | +189 | +8.1% |
| 2003 | 2,338 | +74 | +3.25% |
| 2002 | 2,264 | +30 | +1.35% |
| 2001 | 2,234 | +117 | +5.51% |
| 2000 | 2,117 | +27 | +1.31% |
| 1999 | 2,090 | +118 | +6.01% |
| 1998 | 1,972 | −14 | −0.69% |
| 1997 | 1,985 | +25 | +1.27% |
| 1996 | 1,960 | — | — |
The number of researchers (professionals engaged in creating new knowledge, products and methods) per million people, in full-time equivalent. Doctoral students who conduct research are included. Conversion to full-time equivalent makes it possible to compare countries in which the share of part-time work in research differs.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development as a percentage of GDP.
Education Scientific and technical journal articlesThe number of articles in scientific and technical journals per year.
Education Patent applications by residentsHow many patent applications residents of a country file per year.
Education Tertiary education enrollmentHow many university students there are relative to the population of the corresponding age.