R&D expenditure (% of GDP) in Türkiye in 2023 — 1.42%. Ranked 29 in the world out of 84. Since 1996, the indicator has risen by 0.97 pp.
1996–2023 · % of GDP
How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: Türkiye
| Year | % | Change, pp |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 1.42 | +0.1 pp |
| 2022 | 1.32 | −0.08 pp |
| 2021 | 1.4 | +0.03 pp |
| 2020 | 1.37 | +0.05 pp |
| 2019 | 1.32 | +0.05 pp |
| 2018 | 1.27 | +0.09 pp |
| 2017 | 1.18 | +0.06 pp |
| 2016 | 1.12 | +0.15 pp |
| 2015 | 0.97 | +0.11 pp |
| 2014 | 0.86 | +0.04 pp |
| 2013 | 0.81 | −0.01 pp |
| 2012 | 0.83 | +0.03 pp |
| 2011 | 0.79 | +0 pp |
| 2010 | 0.79 | −0.01 pp |
| 2009 | 0.8 | +0.12 pp |
| 2008 | 0.69 | +0 pp |
| 2007 | 0.69 | +0.13 pp |
| 2006 | 0.55 | −0.01 pp |
| 2005 | 0.56 | +0.07 pp |
| 2004 | 0.5 | +0.03 pp |
| 2003 | 0.47 | −0.04 pp |
| 2002 | 0.51 | −0.01 pp |
| 2001 | 0.52 | +0.06 pp |
| 2000 | 0.47 | +0.01 pp |
| 1999 | 0.46 | +0.09 pp |
| 1998 | 0.36 | −0.13 pp |
| 1997 | 0.49 | +0.04 pp |
| 1996 | 0.45 | — |
The same indicator for neighboring countries — with links to their pages
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP — all current and capital spending by business, government, universities and nonprofit organizations on basic and applied research. The threshold of 3% of GDP is the target adopted in the EU; the leaders (Israel, South Korea) exceed 4.5%.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.
The number of researchers per million residents — in full-time equivalent.
Education Patent applications by residentsHow many patent applications residents of a country file per year.
Education Scientific and technical journal articlesThe number of articles in scientific and technical journals per year.
Trade High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)What part of manufactured exports consists of high-technology products.
