R&D expenditure (% of GDP) in Pakistan in 2023 — 0.16%. Ranked 70 in the world out of 84. Since 1997, the indicator has risen by 0.01 pp.
1997–2023 · % of GDP
How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: Pakistan
| Year | % | Change, pp |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 0.16 | — |
| 2021 | 0.16 | — |
| 2019 | 0.17 | — |
| 2017 | 0.21 | — |
| 2015 | 0.22 | — |
| 2013 | 0.26 | — |
| 2011 | 0.3 | — |
| 2009 | 0.4 | — |
| 2007 | 0.52 | — |
| 2005 | 0.33 | — |
| 2002 | 0.16 | +0.04 pp |
| 2001 | 0.12 | +0.03 pp |
| 2000 | 0.1 | −0.02 pp |
| 1999 | 0.12 | +0.01 pp |
| 1998 | 0.11 | −0.05 pp |
| 1997 | 0.16 | — |
The same indicator for neighboring countries — with links to their pages
Pakistan
0.16
Bhutan
0.11
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP — all current and capital spending by business, government, universities and nonprofit organizations on basic and applied research. The threshold of 3% of GDP is the target adopted in the EU; the leaders (Israel, South Korea) exceed 4.5%.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.
The number of researchers per million residents — in full-time equivalent.
Education Patent applications by residentsHow many patent applications residents of a country file per year.
Education Scientific and technical journal articlesThe number of articles in scientific and technical journals per year.
Trade High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)What part of manufactured exports consists of high-technology products.