Education expenditure (% of GDP) — all countries

Education expenditure (% of GDP) — Lower-middle-income countries

Education expenditure (% of GDP) in lower-middle-income countries in 2023 — 2.85%. Since 2008, the indicator has fallen by 1.01 pp.

2023 2.85% −0.46 pp vs 2022
World rank
Period maximum 3.86%2008
Period minimum 2.85%2023

Trend over time

2008–2023 · % of GDP

Education expenditure (% of GDP) — Lower-middle-income countries, 2008–20232.533.542008201020122014201620182020202220232008: 3.86%2009: 3.55%2010: 3.44%2011: 3.62%2012: 3.42%2013: 3.41%2014: 3.29%2015: 3.41%2016: 3.55%2017: 3.67%2018: 3.63%2019: 3.26%2020: 3.54%2021: 3.69%2022: 3.3%2023: 2.85%
Change over the period: −1.01 pp Annual average: -0.07 pp

Comparison, 2023

How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: Lower-middle-income countries

Lower-middle-income countries 2.85%
World 3.57%
Education expenditure (% of GDP) — Lower-middle-income countries, by year Lower-middle-income countries All countries CSV XLSX
Year % Change, pp
2023 2.85 −0.46 pp
2022 3.3 −0.39 pp
2021 3.69 +0.15 pp
2020 3.54 +0.29 pp
2019 3.26 −0.38 pp
2018 3.63 −0.04 pp
2017 3.67 +0.12 pp
2016 3.55 +0.13 pp
2015 3.41 +0.13 pp
2014 3.29 −0.13 pp
2013 3.41 −0.01 pp
2012 3.42 −0.2 pp
2011 3.62 +0.18 pp
2010 3.44 −0.11 pp
2009 3.55 −0.31 pp
2008 3.86

About the indicator

Total government expenditure on education (current, capital and transfers) as a percentage of GDP, covering all levels from preprimary to tertiary. The international benchmark of the Incheon Declaration is 4–6% of GDP. The indicator leaves out private spending by households, which in some countries is comparable to public spending.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.