Trade openness in the European Union in 2025 — 90.14%. Since 1970, the indicator has risen by 49.98 pp.
1970–2025 · % of GDP
How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: European Union
| Year | % | Change, pp |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 90.14 | −1.5 pp |
| 2024 | 91.64 | −3.58 pp |
| 2023 | 95.22 | −8.49 pp |
| 2022 | 103.7 | +12.5 pp |
| 2021 | 91.2 | +7.38 pp |
| 2020 | 83.82 | −6.74 pp |
| 2019 | 90.55 | +0.12 pp |
| 2018 | 90.43 | +1.71 pp |
| 2017 | 88.72 | +2.93 pp |
| 2016 | 85.78 | −0.89 pp |
| 2015 | 86.68 | +1.18 pp |
| 2014 | 85.49 | +0.71 pp |
| 2013 | 84.78 | −0.31 pp |
| 2012 | 85.09 | +1.62 pp |
| 2011 | 83.47 | +5.19 pp |
| 2010 | 78.28 | +7.78 pp |
| 2009 | 70.51 | −10.28 pp |
| 2008 | 80.78 | +0.99 pp |
| 2007 | 79.8 | +1.81 pp |
| 2006 | 77.98 | +4.43 pp |
| 2005 | 73.55 | +3.16 pp |
| 2004 | 70.4 | +3.04 pp |
| 2003 | 67.36 | −1.08 pp |
| 2002 | 68.44 | −2.29 pp |
| 2001 | 70.73 | −0.84 pp |
| 2000 | 71.57 | +7.54 pp |
| 1999 | 64.03 | +0.78 pp |
| 1998 | 63.25 | +1.33 pp |
| 1997 | 61.92 | +4.1 pp |
| 1996 | 57.82 | +0.75 pp |
| 1995 | 57.07 | +2.61 pp |
| 1994 | 54.46 | +2.63 pp |
| 1993 | 51.83 | −1.57 pp |
| 1992 | 53.4 | −0.44 pp |
| 1991 | 53.84 | +0.2 pp |
| 1990 | 53.64 | −0.73 pp |
| 1989 | 54.38 | +2.79 pp |
| 1988 | 51.58 | +1.23 pp |
| 1987 | 50.35 | −0.58 pp |
| 1986 | 50.93 | −6.75 pp |
| 1985 | 57.68 | +0.48 pp |
| 1984 | 57.2 | +2.88 pp |
| 1983 | 54.32 | −0.12 pp |
| 1982 | 54.44 | −0.08 pp |
| 1981 | 54.51 | +2.57 pp |
| 1980 | 51.94 | +2.42 pp |
| 1979 | 49.53 | +3 pp |
| 1978 | 46.53 | −1.22 pp |
| 1977 | 47.75 | +0.09 pp |
| 1976 | 47.66 | +2.51 pp |
| 1975 | 45.15 | −4.04 pp |
| 1974 | 49.19 | +7.01 pp |
| 1973 | 42.18 | +2.29 pp |
| 1972 | 39.89 | +0.08 pp |
| 1971 | 39.81 | −0.35 pp |
| 1970 | 40.15 | — |
The sum of exports and imports of goods and services as a percent of GDP — the standard indicator of the trade openness of an economy. Values above 100% are not an anomaly: they mean that trade turnover exceeds annual GDP, which is typical of trading hubs and of small economies built into supply chains.
Source: World Development Indicators (World Bank), license CC BY 4.0.
Merchandise exports plus imports as a percent of GDP — without services.
Trade Exports (% of GDP)How far the economy is oriented toward external markets.
Trade Imports (% of GDP)How far the economy depends on supplies from abroad.
Trade Trade balanceThe difference between exports and imports of goods and services. A minus means imports are larger.