The third greenhouse gas by importance — almost all of it from fertilizer and manure.
The ranking uses the latest available value for each country. For all of them that is 2024.
Top-20 · million tonnes CO₂e
The scale does not start at zero — the values lie in a narrow range, and starting from zero the bars would be indistinguishable. The axis ticks are labeled.
| # | Year | Subregion | World rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
China
|
475.53 | 2024 | 201 | |
| 2 |
India
|
310 | 2024 | 200 | |
| 3 |
United States
|
239.6 | 2024 | 199 | |
| 4 |
Brazil
|
203.97 | 2024 | 198 | |
| 5 |
Russia
|
85.24 | 2024 | 197 | |
| 6 |
Pakistan
|
71.43 | 2024 | 196 | |
| 7 |
Indonesia
|
70.98 | 2024 | 195 | |
| 8 |
Australia
|
67.78 | 2024 | 194 | |
| 9 |
Argentina
|
52.29 | 2024 | 193 | |
| 10 |
Ethiopia
|
51.63 | 2024 | 192 | |
| 11 |
Canada
|
44.74 | 2024 | 191 | |
| 12 |
Nigeria
|
41.96 | 2024 | 190 | |
| 13 |
Türkiye
|
40.17 | 2024 | 189 | |
| 14 |
Mexico
|
39.55 | 2024 | 188 | |
| 15 |
France
|
32.58 | 2024 | 187 | |
| 16 |
Germany
|
32.16 | 2024 | 186 | |
| 17 |
Iran
|
32.06 | 2024 | 185 | |
| 18 |
Bangladesh
|
32.01 | 2024 | 184 | |
| 19 |
Chad
|
30.76 | 2024 | 183 | |
| 20 |
Vietnam
|
30.31 | 2024 | 182 | |
| 21 |
Sudan
|
28.73 | 2024 | 181 | |
| 22 |
United Kingdom
|
28.06 | 2024 | 180 | |
| 23 |
Poland
|
26.93 | 2024 | 179 | |
| 24 |
Tanzania
|
26.18 | 2024 | 178 | |
| 25 |
Colombia
|
23.44 | 2024 | 177 | |
| 26 |
Egypt
|
22.81 | 2024 | 176 | |
| 27 |
Kenya
|
20.51 | 2024 | 175 | |
| 28 |
South Africa
|
20.29 | 2024 | 174 | |
| 29 |
Ukraine
|
20.27 | 2024 | 173 | |
| 30 |
Thailand
|
20.06 | 2024 | 172 | |
| 31 |
Spain
|
18.85 | 2024 | 171 | |
| 32 |
South Sudan
|
18.66 | 2024 | 170 | |
| 33 |
Philippines
|
18.41 | 2024 | 169 | |
| 34 |
Japan
|
17.96 | 2024 | 168 | |
| 35 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
17.62 | 2024 | 167 | |
| 36 |
Angola
|
17.28 | 2024 | 166 | |
| 37 |
Uzbekistan
|
15.74 | 2024 | 165 | |
| 38 |
Belarus
|
15.35 | 2024 | 164 | |
| 39 |
Italy
|
15.22 | 2024 | 163 | |
| 40 |
Mongolia
|
14.81 | 2024 | 162 | |
| 41 |
Zambia
|
14.23 | 2024 | 161 | |
| 42 |
Niger
|
14.07 | 2024 | 160 | |
| 43 |
Mali
|
13.77 | 2024 | 159 | |
| 44 |
South Korea
|
13.69 | 2024 | 158 | |
| 45 |
New Zealand
|
13.25 | 2024 | 157 | |
| 46 |
Saudi Arabia
|
13.06 | 2024 | 156 | |
| 47 |
Mozambique
|
12.72 | 2024 | 155 | |
| 48 |
Uganda
|
12.46 | 2024 | 154 | |
| 49 |
Myanmar
|
12.04 | 2024 | 153 | |
| 50 |
Kazakhstan
|
11.97 | 2024 | 152 | |
| 51 |
Venezuela
|
11.11 | 2024 | 151 | |
| 52 |
Bolivia
|
10.45 | 2024 | 150 | |
| 53 |
Romania
|
10.19 | 2024 | 149 | |
| 54 |
Central African Republic
|
10.01 | 2024 | 148 | |
| 55 |
Burkina Faso
|
9.92 | 2024 | 147 | |
| 56 |
Peru
|
9.52 | 2024 | 146 | |
| 57 |
Netherlands
|
8.98 | 2024 | 145 | |
| 58 |
Malaysia
|
8.87 | 2024 | 144 | |
| 59 |
Ireland
|
8.67 | 2024 | 143 | |
| 60 |
Morocco
|
8.67 | 2024 | 142 | |
| 61 |
Paraguay
|
8.57 | 2024 | 141 | |
| 62 |
Belgium
|
8.38 | 2024 | 140 | |
| 63 |
Algeria
|
8.11 | 2024 | 139 | |
| 64 |
Botswana
|
7.93 | 2024 | 138 | |
| 65 |
Guinea
|
7.76 | 2024 | 137 | |
| 66 |
Uruguay
|
7.57 | 2024 | 136 | |
| 67 |
Chile
|
7.31 | 2024 | 135 | |
| 68 |
Turkmenistan
|
7.2 | 2024 | 134 | |
| 69 |
Iraq
|
7.05 | 2024 | 133 | |
| 70 |
Madagascar
|
7.03 | 2024 | 132 | |
| 71 |
Nepal
|
6.98 | 2024 | 131 | |
| 72 |
Ghana
|
6.77 | 2024 | 130 | |
| 73 |
Czechia
|
6.69 | 2024 | 129 | |
| 74 |
Cameroon
|
6.52 | 2024 | 128 | |
| 75 |
Finland
|
6.37 | 2024 | 127 | |
| 76 |
Somalia
|
6.15 | 2024 | 126 | |
| 77 |
Senegal
|
6.12 | 2024 | 125 | |
| 78 |
Sweden
|
6.07 | 2024 | 124 | |
| 79 |
Taiwan
|
5.73 | 2024 | 123 | |
| 80 |
Malawi
|
5.57 | 2024 | 122 | |
| 81 |
Hungary
|
5.43 | 2024 | 121 | |
| 82 |
Zimbabwe
|
5.28 | 2024 | 120 | |
| 83 |
Yemen
|
5.11 | 2024 | 119 | |
| 84 |
Guatemala
|
5.04 | 2024 | 118 | |
| 85 |
Lithuania
|
4.99 | 2024 | 117 | |
| 86 |
Denmark
|
4.69 | 2024 | 116 | |
| 87 |
Cambodia
|
4.56 | 2024 | 115 | |
| 88 |
Ecuador
|
4.44 | 2024 | 114 | |
| 89 |
Afghanistan
|
4.35 | 2024 | 113 | |
| 90 |
Norway
|
4.18 | 2024 | 112 | |
| 91 |
Syria
|
4.07 | 2024 | 111 | |
| 92 |
Côte d'Ivoire
|
4.02 | 2024 | 110 | |
| 93 |
Bulgaria
|
4.01 | 2024 | 109 | |
| 94 |
Greece
|
3.96 | 2024 | 108 | |
| 95 |
Serbia
|
3.88 | 2024 | 107 | |
| 96 |
Dominican Republic
|
3.76 | 2024 | 106 | |
| 97 |
Austria
|
3.56 | 2024 | 105 | |
| 98 |
Laos
|
3.52 | 2024 | 104 | |
| 99 |
Nicaragua
|
3.42 | 2024 | 103 | |
| 100 |
Namibia
|
3.34 | 2024 | 102 | |
| 101 |
Tunisia
|
3.34 | 2024 | 101 | |
| 102 |
Slovakia
|
3.27 | 2024 | 100 | |
| 103 |
Benin
|
3.21 | 2024 | 99 | |
| 104 |
Mauritania
|
3.19 | 2024 | 98 | |
| 105 |
Azerbaijan
|
2.98 | 2024 | 97 | |
| 106 |
Cuba
|
2.97 | 2024 | 96 | |
| 107 |
Portugal
|
2.79 | 2024 | 95 | |
| 108 |
Honduras
|
2.7 | 2024 | 94 | |
| 109 |
United Arab Emirates
|
2.64 | 2024 | 93 | |
| 110 |
Tajikistan
|
2.59 | 2024 | 92 | |
| 111 |
Israel
|
2.56 | 2024 | 91 | |
| 112 |
Togo
|
2.41 | 2024 | 90 | |
| 113 |
Switzerland
|
2.19 | 2024 | 89 | |
| 114 |
Latvia
|
2.19 | 2024 | 88 | |
| 115 |
Croatia
|
2.12 | 2024 | 87 | |
| 116 |
Sri Lanka
|
2.04 | 2024 | 86 | |
| 117 |
North Korea
|
1.93 | 2024 | 85 | |
| 118 |
Kyrgyzstan
|
1.91 | 2024 | 84 | |
| 119 |
Republic of the Congo
|
1.9 | 2024 | 83 | |
| 120 |
Georgia
|
1.9 | 2024 | 82 | |
| 121 |
Libya
|
1.88 | 2024 | 81 | |
| 122 |
Papua New Guinea
|
1.81 | 2024 | 80 | |
| 123 |
Costa Rica
|
1.74 | 2024 | 79 | |
| 124 |
Estonia
|
1.7 | 2024 | 78 | |
| 125 |
Burundi
|
1.68 | 2024 | 77 | |
| 126 |
Eritrea
|
1.65 | 2024 | 76 | |
| 127 |
Haiti
|
1.63 | 2024 | 75 | |
| 128 |
Rwanda
|
1.61 | 2024 | 74 | |
| 129 |
Jordan
|
1.47 | 2024 | 73 | |
| 130 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
1.47 | 2024 | 72 | |
| 131 |
Sierra Leone
|
1.46 | 2024 | 71 | |
| 132 |
Oman
|
1.42 | 2024 | 70 | |
| 133 |
Singapore
|
1.34 | 2024 | 69 | |
| 134 |
Trinidad and Tobago
|
1.33 | 2024 | 68 | |
| 135 |
Panama
|
1.29 | 2024 | 67 | |
| 136 |
Kuwait
|
1.23 | 2024 | 66 | |
| 137 |
Moldova
|
1.02 | 2024 | 65 | |
| 138 |
El Salvador
|
0.92 | 2024 | 64 | |
| 139 |
Qatar
|
0.91 | 2024 | 63 | |
| 140 |
Lebanon
|
0.89 | 2024 | 62 | |
| 141 |
Guinea-Bissau
|
0.79 | 2024 | 61 | |
| 142 |
Slovenia
|
0.75 | 2024 | 60 | |
| 143 |
Armenia
|
0.71 | 2024 | 59 | |
| 144 |
Albania
|
0.71 | 2024 | 58 | |
| 145 |
Gabon
|
0.69 | 2024 | 57 | |
| 146 |
Brunei Darussalam
|
0.57 | 2024 | 56 | |
| 147 |
Guyana
|
0.54 | 2024 | 55 | |
| 148 |
Liberia
|
0.52 | 2024 | 54 | |
| 149 |
Eswatini
|
0.5 | 2024 | 53 | |
| 150 |
Lesotho
|
0.49 | 2024 | 52 | |
| 151 |
North Macedonia
|
0.46 | 2024 | 51 | |
| 152 |
Hong Kong
|
0.44 | 2024 | 50 | |
| 153 |
Cyprus
|
0.36 | 2024 | 49 | |
| 154 |
Jamaica
|
0.36 | 2024 | 48 | |
| 155 |
Iceland
|
0.35 | 2024 | 47 | |
| 156 |
Gambia
|
0.3 | 2024 | 46 | |
| 157 |
Djibouti
|
0.27 | 2024 | 45 | |
| 158 |
Timor-Leste
|
0.25 | 2024 | 44 | |
| 159 |
Luxembourg
|
0.24 | 2024 | 43 | |
| 160 |
Suriname
|
0.23 | 2024 | 42 | |
| 161 |
Bahrain
|
0.21 | 2024 | 41 | |
| 162 |
Bhutan
|
0.19 | 2024 | 40 | |
| 163 |
Mauritius
|
0.19 | 2024 | 39 | |
| 164 |
Fiji
|
0.18 | 2024 | 38 | |
| 165 |
Montenegro
|
0.16 | 2024 | 37 | |
| 166 |
Belize
|
0.13 | 2024 | 36 | |
| 167 |
Cabo Verde
|
0.09 | 2024 | 35 | |
| 168 |
Vanuatu
|
0.09 | 2024 | 34 | |
| 169 |
Comoros
|
0.07 | 2024 | 33 | |
| 170 |
Macao
|
0.06 | 2024 | 31 | |
| 171 |
Maldives
|
0.06 | 2024 | 31 | |
| 172 |
Equatorial Guinea
|
0.05 | 2024 | 29 | |
| 173 |
Samoa
|
0.05 | 2024 | 29 | |
| 174 |
Bahamas
|
0.05 | 2024 | 28 | |
| 175 |
Barbados
|
0.05 | 2024 | 27 | |
| 176 |
Malta
|
0.04 | 2024 | 26 | |
| 177 |
Andorra
|
0.04 | 2024 | 25 | |
| 178 |
Seychelles
|
0.04 | 2024 | 24 | |
| 179 |
Solomon Islands
|
0.04 | 2024 | 23 | |
| 180 |
Palau
|
0.03 | 2024 | 22 | |
| 181 |
Tonga
|
0.03 | 2024 | 21 | |
| 182 |
Sao Tome and Principe
|
0.02 | 2024 | 20 | |
| 183 |
Saint Lucia
|
0.02 | 2024 | 19 | |
| 184 |
Micronesia
|
0.02 | 2024 | 18 | |
| 185 |
Antigua and Barbuda
|
0.01 | 2024 | 17 | |
| 186 |
Dominica
|
0.01 | 2024 | 16 | |
| 187 |
Grenada
|
0.01 | 2024 | 14 | |
| 188 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
0.01 | 2024 | 14 | |
| 189 |
Aruba
|
0.01 | 2024 | 12 | |
| 190 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
0.01 | 2024 | 12 | |
| 191 |
Kiribati
|
0.01 | 2024 | 10 | |
| 192 |
Liechtenstein
|
0.01 | 2024 | 10 | |
| 193 |
British Virgin Islands
|
0.01 | 2024 | 8 | |
| 194 |
Cook Islands
|
0.01 | 2024 | 8 | |
| 195 |
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
0 | 2024 | 7 | |
| 196 |
Nauru
|
0 | 2024 | 4 | |
| 197 |
Saint Helena
|
0 | 2024 | 4 | |
| 198 |
Tuvalu
|
0 | 2024 | 4 | |
| 199 |
Anguilla
|
0 | 2024 | 1 | |
| 200 |
Marshall Islands
|
0 | 2024 | 1 | |
| 201 |
Niue
|
0 | 2024 | 1 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions converted into carbon dioxide equivalent. The third greenhouse gas by contribution after CO2 and methane, and the most agricultural of the three: most of it forms in the soil after nitrogen fertilizer and manure are applied. It stays in the atmosphere for more than a century and destroys the ozone layer as well, so after the phase-out of CFCs it has remained the leading ozone-depleting substance.
Important: Estimates of emissions from soil are inevitably approximate: they depend on soil type, moisture and the way fertilizer is applied, and they are measured by models rather than by sensors.
How much methane a country emits — converted into CO2 equivalent.
Emissions 1850–2024 Greenhouse gas emissionsAll greenhouse gases in CO2 equivalent, including methane and nitrous oxide.
Agriculture 1961–2023 Fertilizer useHow many kilograms of fertilizer are applied per hectare of arable land.
Emissions 1750–2024 CO2 emissionsAnnual carbon dioxide emissions from burning fuel and producing cement.
Emissions 1750–2024 CO2 emissions per capitaHow many tonnes of carbon dioxide each resident of a country accounts for in a year.
Emissions 1750–2024 Cumulative CO2 emissionsA country's total emissions over the whole record — since 1750.