Carbon intensity of electricity — all countries

Carbon intensity of electricity — NATO

Carbon intensity of electricity in NATO in 2025 — 307 g/kWh. Since 2000, the indicator has fallen by 38.6%.

2025 307 g/kWh +0.41% vs 2024
World rank
Period maximum 504 g/kWh2003
Period minimum 306 g/kWh2024

Trend over time

2000–2025 · grams CO₂ per kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity — NATO, 2000–20253003504004505005502000200320062009201220152018202120242000: 501 g/kWh2001: 500 g/kWh2002: 497 g/kWh2003: 504 g/kWh2004: 496 g/kWh2005: 495 g/kWh2006: 491 g/kWh2007: 496 g/kWh2008: 483 g/kWh2009: 464 g/kWh2010: 464 g/kWh2011: 454 g/kWh2012: 443 g/kWh2013: 436 g/kWh2014: 430 g/kWh2015: 414 g/kWh2016: 399 g/kWh2017: 390 g/kWh2018: 382 g/kWh2019: 357 g/kWh2020: 332 g/kWh2021: 343 g/kWh2022: 344 g/kWh2023: 318 g/kWh2024: 306 g/kWh2025: 307 g/kWh
Change over the period: −193 (−38.59%) Average annual rate: -1.93 %
Carbon intensity of electricity — NATO, by year NATO All countries CSV XLSX
Year g/kWh Change Change, %
2025 307 +1 +0.41%
2024 306 −12 −3.81%
2023 318 −25 −7.35%
2022 344 +0 +0.07%
2021 343 +12 +3.55%
2020 332 −25 −7.04%
2019 357 −25 −6.49%
2018 382 −8 −2.14%
2017 390 −9 −2.25%
2016 399 −15 −3.74%
2015 414 −16 −3.76%
2014 430 −6 −1.36%
2013 436 −7 −1.56%
2012 443 −11 −2.44%
2011 454 −9 −2.04%
2010 464 −0 −0.07%
2009 464 −19 −3.91%
2008 483 −13 −2.53%
2007 496 +4 +0.87%
2006 491 −3 −0.69%
2005 495 −1 −0.18%
2004 496 −8 −1.59%
2003 504 +7 +1.31%
2002 497 −3 −0.54%
2001 500 −1 −0.18%
2000 501

About the indicator

Carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector per kilowatt-hour of generation. A single number into which the whole structure of generation folds: a coal plant gives about 820 grams per kilowatt-hour, a gas plant roughly 490, and nuclear, wind and solar single digits. The indicator therefore reads as a summary verdict on a power system and is especially useful for comparing countries with different generation mixes: one may have a lot of hydro and another nuclear, yet the result comes out close.

Important: Emissions from generating electricity are counted, without emissions from building the plants and extracting the fuel. Aggregates are weighted by generation and computed from 2000 onward.

Source: Yearly Electricity Data (Ember), license CC BY 4.0.