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Carbon intensity of electricity — all countries

Carbon intensity of electricity — G20

Carbon intensity of electricity in the G20 in 2025 — 459 g/kWh. Since 2000, the indicator has fallen by 15.4%.

2025 459 g/kWh −4.67% vs 2024
World rank —
Period maximum 574 g/kWh2007
Period minimum 459 g/kWh2025

Trend over time

2000–2025 · grams CO₂ per kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity — G20, 2000–20254505005506002000200320062009201220152018202120242000: 543 g/kWh2001: 545 g/kWh2002: 548 g/kWh2003: 561 g/kWh2004: 556 g/kWh2005: 563 g/kWh2006: 564 g/kWh2007: 574 g/kWh2008: 567 g/kWh2009: 562 g/kWh2010: 563 g/kWh2011: 569 g/kWh2012: 568 g/kWh2013: 569 g/kWh2014: 563 g/kWh2015: 547 g/kWh2016: 538 g/kWh2017: 534 g/kWh2018: 530 g/kWh2019: 516 g/kWh2020: 501 g/kWh2021: 506 g/kWh2022: 500 g/kWh2023: 495 g/kWh2024: 482 g/kWh2025: 459 g/kWh
Change over the period: −84 (−15.44%) Average annual rate: -0.67 %
Carbon intensity of electricity — G20, by year G20 All countries CSV XLSX
Year g/kWh Change Change, %
2025 459 −23 −4.67%
2024 482 −13 −2.7%
2023 495 −5 −0.94%
2022 500 −6 −1.22%
2021 506 +5 +0.97%
2020 501 −14 −2.76%
2019 516 −14 −2.67%
2018 530 −4 −0.82%
2017 534 −4 −0.67%
2016 538 −10 −1.74%
2015 547 −16 −2.83%
2014 563 −6 −0.99%
2013 569 +1 +0.21%
2012 568 −2 −0.28%
2011 569 +6 +1.06%
2010 563 +1 +0.24%
2009 562 −5 −0.87%
2008 567 −7 −1.26%
2007 574 +10 +1.7%
2006 564 +2 +0.32%
2005 563 +6 +1.11%
2004 556 −5 −0.91%
2003 561 +14 +2.52%
2002 548 +2 +0.45%
2001 545 +2 +0.35%
2000 543 — —

About the indicator

Carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector per kilowatt-hour of generation. A single number into which the whole structure of generation folds: a coal plant gives about 820 grams per kilowatt-hour, a gas plant roughly 490, and nuclear, wind and solar single digits. The indicator therefore reads as a summary verdict on a power system and is especially useful for comparing countries with different generation mixes: one may have a lot of hydro and another nuclear, yet the result comes out close.

Important: Emissions from generating electricity are counted, without emissions from building the plants and extracting the fuel. Aggregates are weighted by generation and computed from 2000 onward.

Source: Yearly Electricity Data (Ember), license CC BY 4.0.

Other indicators for the G20

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How much carbon dioxide the electricity sector of a country emits in a year.

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What share of its electricity a country gets from coal, gas and oil together.

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What share of its electricity a country gets from sources without emissions — renewables and nuclear.

G20 by year Emissions Carbon intensity of the economy

How many kilograms of CO2 fall on each dollar of output produced.

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