Carbon intensity of electricity — all countries

Carbon intensity of electricity — Europe & Central Asia

Carbon intensity of electricity in Europe & Central Asia in 2025 — 309 g/kWh. Since 2000, the indicator has fallen by 29.2%.

2025 309 g/kWh −1.65% vs 2024
World rank
Period maximum 443 g/kWh2003
Period minimum 309 g/kWh2025

Trend over time

2000–2025 · grams CO₂ per kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity — Europe & Central Asia, 2000–20253003504004502000200320062009201220152018202120242000: 437 g/kWh2001: 433 g/kWh2002: 437 g/kWh2003: 443 g/kWh2004: 433 g/kWh2005: 432 g/kWh2006: 438 g/kWh2007: 441 g/kWh2008: 434 g/kWh2009: 420 g/kWh2010: 412 g/kWh2011: 421 g/kWh2012: 419 g/kWh2013: 408 g/kWh2014: 399 g/kWh2015: 393 g/kWh2016: 387 g/kWh2017: 384 g/kWh2018: 374 g/kWh2019: 353 g/kWh2020: 334 g/kWh2021: 344 g/kWh2022: 357 g/kWh2023: 331 g/kWh2024: 314 g/kWh2025: 309 g/kWh
Change over the period: −128 (−29.24%) Average annual rate: -1.37 %
Carbon intensity of electricity — Europe & Central Asia, by year Europe & Central Asia All countries CSV XLSX
Year g/kWh Change Change, %
2025 309 −5 −1.65%
2024 314 −16 −4.88%
2023 331 −27 −7.46%
2022 357 +13 +3.79%
2021 344 +10 +2.98%
2020 334 −19 −5.28%
2019 353 −22 −5.76%
2018 374 −10 −2.52%
2017 384 −3 −0.67%
2016 387 −6 −1.52%
2015 393 −6 −1.48%
2014 399 −9 −2.25%
2013 408 −11 −2.73%
2012 419 −1 −0.32%
2011 421 +8 +1.96%
2010 412 −8 −1.82%
2009 420 −14 −3.19%
2008 434 −7 −1.53%
2007 441 +3 +0.59%
2006 438 +6 +1.48%
2005 432 −1 −0.25%
2004 433 −11 −2.41%
2003 443 +6 +1.48%
2002 437 +4 +0.93%
2001 433 −4 −0.93%
2000 437

About the indicator

Carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector per kilowatt-hour of generation. A single number into which the whole structure of generation folds: a coal plant gives about 820 grams per kilowatt-hour, a gas plant roughly 490, and nuclear, wind and solar single digits. The indicator therefore reads as a summary verdict on a power system and is especially useful for comparing countries with different generation mixes: one may have a lot of hydro and another nuclear, yet the result comes out close.

Important: Emissions from generating electricity are counted, without emissions from building the plants and extracting the fuel. Aggregates are weighted by generation and computed from 2000 onward.

Source: Yearly Electricity Data (Ember), license CC BY 4.0.