R&D expenditure (% of GDP) in the G20 in 2023 — 2.76%. Since 1996, the indicator has risen by 0.7 pp.
1996–2023 · % of GDP
How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: G20
| Year | % | Change, pp |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2.76 | +0.03 pp |
| 2022 | 2.73 | +0.03 pp |
| 2021 | 2.7 | +0.09 pp |
| 2020 | 2.61 | +0.17 pp |
| 2019 | 2.44 | +0.07 pp |
| 2018 | 2.38 | +0.09 pp |
| 2017 | 2.29 | +0 pp |
| 2016 | 2.29 | +0.01 pp |
| 2015 | 2.28 | +0.03 pp |
| 2014 | 2.24 | +0.11 pp |
| 2013 | 2.13 | −0.02 pp |
| 2012 | 2.15 | +0 pp |
| 2011 | 2.14 | −0 pp |
| 2010 | 2.15 | −0.04 pp |
| 2009 | 2.18 | +0.06 pp |
| 2008 | 2.13 | +0.05 pp |
| 2007 | 2.08 | −0.01 pp |
| 2006 | 2.09 | +0 pp |
| 2005 | 2.08 | +0 pp |
| 2004 | 2.08 | −0.06 pp |
| 2003 | 2.14 | −0.03 pp |
| 2002 | 2.17 | −0.01 pp |
| 2001 | 2.18 | +0.02 pp |
| 2000 | 2.16 | −0 pp |
| 1999 | 2.16 | +0.07 pp |
| 1998 | 2.08 | +0.02 pp |
| 1997 | 2.07 | +0 pp |
| 1996 | 2.06 | — |
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP — all current and capital spending by business, government, universities and nonprofit organizations on basic and applied research. The threshold of 3% of GDP is the target adopted in the EU; the leaders (Israel, South Korea) exceed 4.5%.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.
The number of researchers per million residents — in full-time equivalent.
Education Patent applications by residentsHow many patent applications residents of a country file per year.
Education Scientific and technical journal articlesThe number of articles in scientific and technical journals per year.