R&D expenditure (% of GDP) in BRICS in 2021 — 2.1%. Since 2000, the indicator has risen by 1.23 pp.
2000–2021 · % of GDP
How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: BRICS
| Year | % | Change, pp |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2.1 | +0.25 pp |
| 2020 | 1.85 | +0.17 pp |
| 2019 | 1.69 | +0.05 pp |
| 2018 | 1.63 | +0.05 pp |
| 2017 | 1.58 | −0.02 pp |
| 2016 | 1.6 | −0.03 pp |
| 2015 | 1.63 | +0.05 pp |
| 2014 | 1.58 | +0.14 pp |
| 2013 | 1.44 | +0.01 pp |
| 2012 | 1.43 | +0.07 pp |
| 2011 | 1.36 | +0.04 pp |
| 2010 | 1.31 | +0.06 pp |
| 2009 | 1.25 | +0.06 pp |
| 2008 | 1.19 | +0.03 pp |
| 2007 | 1.16 | +0.05 pp |
| 2006 | 1.11 | +0.02 pp |
| 2005 | 1.08 | +0.05 pp |
| 2004 | 1.03 | +0.03 pp |
| 2003 | 1 | +0.02 pp |
| 2002 | 0.98 | +0.11 pp |
| 2001 | 0.87 | +0 pp |
| 2000 | 0.87 | — |
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP — all current and capital spending by business, government, universities and nonprofit organizations on basic and applied research. The threshold of 3% of GDP is the target adopted in the EU; the leaders (Israel, South Korea) exceed 4.5%.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.
The number of researchers per million residents — in full-time equivalent.
Education Patent applications by residentsHow many patent applications residents of a country file per year.
Education Scientific and technical journal articlesThe number of articles in scientific and technical journals per year.