Gross capital formation (% of GDP) in upper-middle-income countries in 2025 — 23.1%. Since 1990, the indicator has fallen by 3.8 pp.
1990–2025 · % of GDP
| Year | % | Change, pp |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 23.1 | −10.8 pp |
| 2024 | 33.9 | −0.5 pp |
| 2023 | 34.4 | −1.5 pp |
| 2022 | 35.9 | −0.7 pp |
| 2021 | 36.6 | +0.9 pp |
| 2020 | 35.7 | +0.7 pp |
| 2019 | 35 | −0.5 pp |
| 2018 | 35.5 | +1.1 pp |
| 2017 | 34.4 | +0.1 pp |
| 2016 | 34.2 | −0.5 pp |
| 2015 | 34.8 | −0.7 pp |
| 2014 | 35.4 | −0 pp |
| 2013 | 35.5 | +0.7 pp |
| 2012 | 34.8 | +0.3 pp |
| 2011 | 34.5 | +0.7 pp |
| 2010 | 33.8 | +1.3 pp |
| 2009 | 32.5 | +0.9 pp |
| 2008 | 31.6 | +1.9 pp |
| 2007 | 29.7 | +0.9 pp |
| 2006 | 28.8 | +0.5 pp |
| 2005 | 28.3 | −0.3 pp |
| 2004 | 28.6 | +1.5 pp |
| 2003 | 27.2 | +1.6 pp |
| 2002 | 25.6 | +0.6 pp |
| 2001 | 24.9 | +0.5 pp |
| 2000 | 24.4 | +0.5 pp |
| 1999 | 23.9 | −0.7 pp |
| 1998 | 24.6 | −0.7 pp |
| 1997 | 25.3 | −1 pp |
| 1996 | 26.3 | +0 pp |
| 1995 | 26.3 | −1.1 pp |
| 1994 | 27.4 | +0.4 pp |
| 1993 | 27 | +1.3 pp |
| 1992 | 25.7 | +0.5 pp |
| 1991 | 25.2 | −1.7 pp |
| 1990 | 26.9 | — |
Gross capital formation as a percent of GDP: outlays on fixed assets (buildings, structures, machinery, transport equipment, infrastructure), changes in inventories of material working assets and net acquisition of valuables. A steadily high rate of capital formation is a necessary condition for fast growth: during the economic surges of East Asia the indicator exceeded 35–40% of GDP.
Source: World Development Indicators (World Bank), license CC BY 4.0.
How much a country puts in each year into buildings, equipment, infrastructure and inventories.
Economy Gross national savingsWhat part of its income a country saves rather than consumes.
Business FDI inflows (% of GDP)Inflows of direct investment relative to the size of the economy.
Economy GDP growthThe annual growth rate of GDP in constant prices — with inflation stripped out.