Gross capital formation (% of GDP) — all countries

Gross capital formation (% of GDP) — Low-income countries

Gross capital formation (% of GDP) in low-income countries in 2025 — 20.5%. Since 1990, the indicator has risen by 7.2 pp.

2025 20.5% −0.1 pp vs 2024
World rank
Period maximum 26.1%2019
Period minimum 12.4%1991

Trend over time

1990–2025 · % of GDP

Gross capital formation (% of GDP) — Low-income countries, 1990–2025101520253019901994199820022006201020142018202220251990: 13.3%1991: 12.4%1992: 17.9%1993: 16.8%1994: 16%1995: 14.9%1996: 17.6%1997: 15.2%1998: 15.4%1999: 16.8%2000: 17.4%2001: 16.9%2002: 17.9%2003: 19.2%2004: 18.8%2005: 18.1%2006: 17.7%2007: 17.2%2008: 17.8%2009: 17.8%2010: 18.9%2011: 22.7%2012: 24.1%2013: 23.9%2014: 24.2%2015: 22.4%2016: 22.9%2017: 23.6%2018: 24.5%2019: 26.1%2020: 22.9%2021: 23.8%2022: 23.8%2023: 22%2024: 20.7%2025: 20.5%
Change over the period: +7.2 pp Annual average: 0.21 pp
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) — Low-income countries, by year Low-income countries All countries CSV XLSX
Year % Change, pp
2025 20.5 −0.1 pp
2024 20.7 −1.3 pp
2023 22 −1.8 pp
2022 23.8 +0 pp
2021 23.8 +0.9 pp
2020 22.9 −3.2 pp
2019 26.1 +1.6 pp
2018 24.5 +0.9 pp
2017 23.6 +0.7 pp
2016 22.9 +0.5 pp
2015 22.4 −1.8 pp
2014 24.2 +0.3 pp
2013 23.9 −0.2 pp
2012 24.1 +1.4 pp
2011 22.7 +3.8 pp
2010 18.9 +1.1 pp
2009 17.8 −0 pp
2008 17.8 +0.6 pp
2007 17.2 −0.5 pp
2006 17.7 −0.3 pp
2005 18.1 −0.7 pp
2004 18.8 −0.4 pp
2003 19.2 +1.2 pp
2002 17.9 +1 pp
2001 16.9 −0.5 pp
2000 17.4 +0.6 pp
1999 16.8 +1.3 pp
1998 15.4 +0.2 pp
1997 15.2 −2.4 pp
1996 17.6 +2.8 pp
1995 14.9 −1.1 pp
1994 16 −0.8 pp
1993 16.8 −1.1 pp
1992 17.9 +5.5 pp
1991 12.4 −0.9 pp
1990 13.3

About the indicator

Gross capital formation as a percent of GDP: outlays on fixed assets (buildings, structures, machinery, transport equipment, infrastructure), changes in inventories of material working assets and net acquisition of valuables. A steadily high rate of capital formation is a necessary condition for fast growth: during the economic surges of East Asia the indicator exceeded 35–40% of GDP.

Source: World Development Indicators (World Bank), license CC BY 4.0.