Vulnerable employment in upper-middle-income countries in 2025 — 33.77%. Since 1991, the indicator has fallen by 16.68 pp.
1991–2025 · % of employment
How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: Upper-middle-income countries
| Year | % | Change, pp |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 33.77 | −0.31 pp |
| 2024 | 34.08 | −0.42 pp |
| 2023 | 34.5 | −0.41 pp |
| 2022 | 34.91 | −0.46 pp |
| 2021 | 35.37 | −0.13 pp |
| 2020 | 35.5 | +0.37 pp |
| 2019 | 35.13 | −0.32 pp |
| 2018 | 35.45 | −0.19 pp |
| 2017 | 35.63 | −0.26 pp |
| 2016 | 35.89 | −0.32 pp |
| 2015 | 36.22 | −0.56 pp |
| 2014 | 36.78 | −0.62 pp |
| 2013 | 37.4 | −0.56 pp |
| 2012 | 37.96 | −0.73 pp |
| 2011 | 38.69 | −0.65 pp |
| 2010 | 39.34 | −0.63 pp |
| 2009 | 39.97 | −0.48 pp |
| 2008 | 40.45 | −0.71 pp |
| 2007 | 41.16 | −0.54 pp |
| 2006 | 41.7 | −0.74 pp |
| 2005 | 42.44 | −0.83 pp |
| 2004 | 43.27 | −0.86 pp |
| 2003 | 44.13 | −0.38 pp |
| 2002 | 44.51 | −0.54 pp |
| 2001 | 45.05 | −0.83 pp |
| 2000 | 45.88 | −0.4 pp |
| 1999 | 46.28 | −0.57 pp |
| 1998 | 46.85 | −0.21 pp |
| 1997 | 47.06 | −0.56 pp |
| 1996 | 47.62 | −0.64 pp |
| 1995 | 48.25 | −0.63 pp |
| 1994 | 48.88 | −0.57 pp |
| 1993 | 49.45 | −0.56 pp |
| 1992 | 50.01 | −0.43 pp |
| 1991 | 50.45 | — |
The share of own-account workers and contributing family workers in total employment. The ILO devised the category as a substitute for informal employment where informality is not measured: such workers usually have no employment contract, no social insurance and no protection against dismissal, and their income depends directly on what they produce. In the poorest countries this share exceeds three quarters of the employed — wage work there is closer to an exception.
Important: Not the same as informal employment: an employee without a contract does not fall into this category, though they are no better protected. The indicator understates informality in countries where off-the-books hiring is widespread.
Source: ILOSTAT (ILO), license CC BY 4.0.