R&D expenditure (% of GDP) in Australia and New Zealand in 2021 — 1.81%. Since 2011, the indicator has fallen by 0.32 pp.
2011–2021 · % of GDP
How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: Australia and New Zealand
| Year | % | Change, pp |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 1.81 | — |
| 2019 | 1.78 | — |
| 2017 | 1.81 | — |
| 2015 | 1.84 | — |
| 2013 | 2.07 | — |
| 2011 | 2.13 | — |
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP — all current and capital spending by business, government, universities and nonprofit organizations on basic and applied research. The threshold of 3% of GDP is the target adopted in the EU; the leaders (Israel, South Korea) exceed 4.5%.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.