R&D expenditure (% of GDP) in Middle East & North Africa in 2021 — 1.33%. Since 2005, the indicator has risen by 0.61 pp.
2005–2021 · % of GDP
How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: Middle East & North Africa
| Year | % | Change, pp |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 1.33 | — |
| 2005 | 0.72 | — |
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP — all current and capital spending by business, government, universities and nonprofit organizations on basic and applied research. The threshold of 3% of GDP is the target adopted in the EU; the leaders (Israel, South Korea) exceed 4.5%.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.
The number of researchers per million residents — in full-time equivalent.
Education Patent applications by residentsHow many patent applications residents of a country file per year.
Education Scientific and technical journal articlesThe number of articles in scientific and technical journals per year.
Trade High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)What part of manufactured exports consists of high-technology products.