Education expenditure (% of GDP) — all countries

Education expenditure (% of GDP) — Upper-middle-income countries

Education expenditure (% of GDP) in upper-middle-income countries in 2023 — 3.8%. Since 2010, the indicator has fallen by 1.1 pp.

2023 3.8% −0.07 pp vs 2022
World rank
Period maximum 5.01%2015
Period minimum 3.8%2023

Trend over time

2010–2023 · % of GDP

Education expenditure (% of GDP) — Upper-middle-income countries, 2010–20233.544.555.5201020122014201620182020202220232010: 4.9%2011: 4.94%2012: 5%2013: 4.9%2014: 4.98%2015: 5.01%2016: 4.7%2017: 4.57%2018: 4.35%2019: 4.31%2020: 4.38%2021: 4.04%2022: 3.88%2023: 3.8%
Change over the period: −1.1 pp Annual average: -0.08 pp

Comparison, 2023

How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: Upper-middle-income countries

Upper-middle-income countries 3.8%
World 3.57%
Education expenditure (% of GDP) — Upper-middle-income countries, by year Upper-middle-income countries All countries CSV XLSX
Year % Change, pp
2023 3.8 −0.07 pp
2022 3.88 −0.16 pp
2021 4.04 −0.34 pp
2020 4.38 +0.07 pp
2019 4.31 −0.04 pp
2018 4.35 −0.22 pp
2017 4.57 −0.14 pp
2016 4.7 −0.3 pp
2015 5.01 +0.03 pp
2014 4.98 +0.08 pp
2013 4.9 −0.11 pp
2012 5 +0.06 pp
2011 4.94 +0.03 pp
2010 4.9

About the indicator

Total government expenditure on education (current, capital and transfers) as a percentage of GDP, covering all levels from preprimary to tertiary. The international benchmark of the Incheon Declaration is 4–6% of GDP. The indicator leaves out private spending by households, which in some countries is comparable to public spending.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.