Education expenditure (% of GDP) — all countries

Education expenditure (% of GDP) — European Union

Education expenditure (% of GDP) in the European Union in 2022 — 4.66%. Since 1979, the indicator has fallen by 0.27 pp.

2022 4.66% −0.14 pp vs 2021
World rank
Period maximum 5.57%2009
Period minimum 4.53%1998

Trend over time

1979–2022 · % of GDP

Education expenditure (% of GDP) — European Union, 1979–20224.555.5619791984198919941999200420092014201920221979: 4.93%1988: 4.58%1990: 4.58%1991: 4.88%1992: 5.01%1993: 4.95%1994: 4.7%1995: 4.67%1996: 4.75%1998: 4.53%1999: 4.57%2000: 4.86%2001: 5.08%2002: 5.18%2003: 5.11%2004: 5.04%2005: 5.07%2006: 4.94%2007: 4.86%2008: 5%2009: 5.57%2010: 5.37%2011: 5.12%2012: 4.83%2013: 5%2014: 4.88%2015: 4.84%2016: 4.82%2017: 4.64%2018: 4.58%2019: 4.63%2020: 4.93%2021: 4.79%2022: 4.66%
Change over the period: −0.27 pp Annual average: -0.01 pp

Comparison, 2022

How the value compares with the world and the groups this territory belongs to: European Union

European Union 4.66%
World 3.86%
Education expenditure (% of GDP) — European Union, by year European Union All countries CSV XLSX
Year % Change, pp
2022 4.66 −0.14 pp
2021 4.79 −0.14 pp
2020 4.93 +0.3 pp
2019 4.63 +0.04 pp
2018 4.58 −0.06 pp
2017 4.64 −0.18 pp
2016 4.82 −0.02 pp
2015 4.84 −0.04 pp
2014 4.88 −0.12 pp
2013 5 +0.16 pp
2012 4.83 −0.28 pp
2011 5.12 −0.25 pp
2010 5.37 −0.2 pp
2009 5.57 +0.57 pp
2008 5 +0.14 pp
2007 4.86 −0.09 pp
2006 4.94 −0.13 pp
2005 5.07 +0.03 pp
2004 5.04 −0.06 pp
2003 5.11 −0.07 pp
2002 5.18 +0.1 pp
2001 5.08 +0.22 pp
2000 4.86 +0.3 pp
1999 4.57 +0.03 pp
1998 4.53
1996 4.75 +0.08 pp
1995 4.67 −0.03 pp
1994 4.7 −0.25 pp
1993 4.95 −0.05 pp
1992 5.01 +0.12 pp
1991 4.88 +0.3 pp
1990 4.58
1988 4.58
1979 4.93

About the indicator

Total government expenditure on education (current, capital and transfers) as a percentage of GDP, covering all levels from preprimary to tertiary. The international benchmark of the Incheon Declaration is 4–6% of GDP. The indicator leaves out private spending by households, which in some countries is comparable to public spending.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), license CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.